eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
202
216
10.22038/nmj.2016.7574
7574
A review on nanostructured stainless steel implants for biomedical application
Peyman Mahmoudi Hashemi
p.mahmoudi.h@semnan.ac.ir
1
Ehsan Borhani
e.borhani@semnan.ac.ir
2
Mohammad Sadegh Nourbakhsh
s_nourbakhsh@semnan.ac.ir
3
Biomaterial Group, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Nano-materials Group, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Faculty of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Over the last two decades, many researchers have developed a variety of stainless steel-based medical implant types,taking full advantage of nanostructuring technologies. In this paper the application, fabrication and development of nanostructured stainless steel based materials with new composition for medical implants will be discussed. It is well established that application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) can decrease the grain size of metals and alloys significantly to the nanometer range. Among all the available SPD methods, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is very applicable. Stainless Steel became the raw structural material for the majority of the developed medical implants, and several techniques had to be studied and established in order to fabricate a feasible stainless steel-based neural probe. These nanostructured implants present a superior performance mechanically, biologically and electrically, when compared to the conventional implants. Finally, the effect of alloying elements on the bio-interaction of stainless steel will be explained.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7574_5c59f5d2fd08d4b425c231704a4a388e.pdf
Implants
Nanostructure
Stainless steel
Severe plastic deformation (SPD)
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
217
222
10.22038/nmj.2016.7575
7575
مقاله پژوهشی
The effect of electrospun poly(lactic acid) and nanohydroxyapatite nanofibers’ diameter on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Amir Doustgani
dustgani@yahoo.com
1
Department of chemical engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Objective(s): Electrospun nanofibrous mats of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) were prepared and proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on the prepared nanofibers were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: PLA/nano-HA nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The effects of process parameters, such as nano-HA concentration, distance, applied voltage, and flow rate on the mean diameter of electrospun nanofibers were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the mean fiber diameter of produced nanofibers. Mechanical propertes of nanofibrous mats were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Response surface methodology was used to model the fiber diameter of electrospun PLA/nano-HA nanofibers. Results: The average fiber diameter for optimized nanofibers was 125 ± 11 nm. MTT and ALP results showed that optimization of fiber diameter increased the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Conclusion: It could be concluded that optimization of fiber diameter has beneficial effect on cell proliferation and differentiation. Optimized nanofibers of PLA/nano-HA could be good candidates for bone tissue engineering.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7575_32af06647e55a940846e0a9994113d96.pdf
Mesenchymal stem cells
Nanofiber
optimization
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
223
229
10.22038/nmj.2016.7577
7577
مقاله پژوهشی
Chitosan (CHT) and trimethylchitosan (TMC) nanoparticles as adjuvant/delivery system for parenteral and nasal immunization against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) ESAT-6 antigen
Seyedeh Mahnaz Karimi
s.mahnaz_karimi@yahoo.com
1
Mojtaba Sankian
sankianm@mums.ac.ir
2
Farzad Khademi
k_farzad@yahoo.com
3
Mohsen Tafaghodi
4
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Faculty of Medicine and Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Qaem University Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Objective(s): An efficient vaccine against TB is an urgent need. TB peptides are safe candidate but they are weak immunogens and needs to be potentiated by adjuvant/delivery systems. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the potential of CHT based NPs containing ESAT-6 antigen of M. tuberculosis for inducing mucosal and systemic immune responses after intranasal and subcutaneous injection in mice model. Materials and Methods: CHT and TMC based NPs were prepared by coating of cationic polymer on the anionic peptide by ionic gelation method and their characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Physical stability of NPs was studied within 30 days. Finally, the ability of formulated NPs to elicit immune responses in BALB/c mice were evaluated following nasal and subcutaneous immunization. Results: The best weight ratio of antigen to polymer (CHT or TMC) was 1:2. CHT and TMC NPs had a mean size of 356.3 ± 42.20, and 470.3 ± 48.21 nm, respectively. NPs were stable up to 15 days. CHT:ESAT-6 NPs gave higher serum IgG1 and IgG total responses and TMC:ESAT-6 NPs induced high titers of IgG2a and IFN-g. Conclusion: Regards to the importance of cellular immune responses in effective protection against TB, and also the solubility in physiological pH, TMC NPs are more efficient adjuvant/antigen delivery system for immunization against TB.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7577_a285cb2779cfa2ba6628bb04532ae349.pdf
Chitosan and Trimethylchitosan nanoparticles
ESAT-6 antigen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nasal immunization
Subcutaneous immunization
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
230
239
10.22038/nmj.2016.7579
7579
مقاله پژوهشی
Effects of cadmium chloride as inhibitor on stability and kinetics of immobilized Lactoperoxidase(LPO) on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles versus free LPO
Narges Babadaie Samani
1
Hashem Nayeri
hnaieri@gmail.com
2
Gholamreza Amiri Amiri
3
Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Objective(s): Enzyme immobilization via nanoparticles is perfectly compatible against the other chemical or biological approximate to improve enzyme functions and stability. In this study lactoperoxidase was immobilized onto silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles to improve enzyme properties in the presence of cadmium chloride as an inhibitor. Materials and Methods: The process consists of the following steps: (1) preparing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method, (2) coating NP with silica (SiO2) by sol–gel reaction, (3) characterizations of NPs were examined by FT-IR, XRD, AGFM and TEM. (4) Immobilization of LPO on the magnetite NPs, (5) Study kinetic and stability of both free and immobilized LPO in the presence of various concentrations of cadmium chloride. Results: The size of the Fe3O4 and silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles were about 9 nm and 12 nm, respectively. The results showed that the highest immobilization yield, nearly 90 %, was attained at 240 to 300 µg of LPO at 15h. It was found that the concentration of cadmium chloride directly affects the LPO activity and changes the kinetic parameters of it. Also, the results showed that immobilized LPO has better tolerance than the free LPO, so that after immobilization, Vmax of immobilized LPO was increased and Km of immobilized LPO was decreased. Conclusion: The results demonstrating that the effect of immobilized lactoperoxidase on silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles increases the stability of the LPO in the presence of cadmium chloride as inhibitor. Michaelis–Menten parameters (Km and Vmax) also revealed the considerable improvement of immobilized.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7579_49c10c5cb141ddfe3450516c19172bff.pdf
Cadmium chloride
Enzyme immobilization
Enzyme stability
Lactoperoxidase
Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
240
247
10.22038/nmj.2016.7580
7580
مقاله پژوهشی
Antibacterial properties of biologically formed chitosan nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum basilicum
Iman Rasaee
iman.rasaee@gmail.com
1
Maryam Ghannadnia
ghannadnia_ma@yahoo.com
2
Hosein Honari
honari.hosein@gmail.com
3
Department of Biotechnology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
Department of Biotechnology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
Center of Biosciences Research, Imam Hossein comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran
Objective(s): Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared based on the ionic gelation of chitoan with anionic compounds of Ocimum basilicum leaf extract. Materials and Methods: After addition of Ocimum basilicum leaf extract to chitosan solution, the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) Pattern, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The antibacterial activity of CNPs was evaluated by agar disc diffusion method. Results: The synthesized nanoparticles were found to be nearly spherical shape with size in the range of 135-729 nm. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of polyphenolic; proteins and alkaloids compounds act as effective agents for converting chitosan to CNPs. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Conclusion: These results reveal that natural sources of materials such as plants could be used for preparation of CNPs instead of use of chemical substances.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7580_f16f80798e920b06aa0d57dbb05dbdc3.pdf
Biosynthesis
Chitosan nanoparticles
Leaf extract
Ocimum basilicum
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
248
252
10.22038/nmj.2016.7582
7582
مقاله پژوهشی
Effects of ultrasound on properties of ni-metal organic framework nanostructures
Abbas Pardakhty
abpardakhty@kmu.ac.ir
1
Mehdi Ranjbar
ranjbarmehdi67@yahoo.com
2
Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Department of Chemistry, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
Objective(s): According to the unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles, Nickel Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) was synthesized successfully by ultrasound irradiation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are organic–inorganic hybrid extended networks that are constructed via covalent linkages between metal ions/metal clusters and organic ligands called a linker. Materials and Methods: The nanoparticles were synthesized by Ultrasound Method Under a synthesis conditions, All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained on LEO- 1455VP equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at university of Kashan in Iran. Transition electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained on EM208 Philips transmission electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Results: Results showed that Ni-MOF synthesized by this method, had smaller particle size distribution and It was found that the different kinds of ligand leads to preparation products with different morphologies and textural properties. Moreover, ultrasound irradiation method has significant effect on microstructures of as-synthesized MOFs and can improve their textural properties compared to method without using hydrothermal route.The XRD patterns of the samples obtained from ultrasound irradiation was well matched with that of as-prepared Ni-MOF by solvothermal method. Conclusion: This rapid method of ultrasonic radiation as compared to the classical solvothermal synthesis, showed promising results in terms of size distribution, surface area, pore diameter and pore volume.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7582_43197dff13c547d91ad8cb5b113137a7.pdf
Drug carriers
Ni-MOF
Surface area
Ultrasound irradiation
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
253
267
10.22038/nmj.2016.7615
7615
مقاله پژوهشی
Optimization, preparation and characterization of rutin-quercetin dual drug loaded keratin nanoparticles for biological applications
Selvaraj Kunjiappan
selvaraj.k@klu.ac.in
1
Anindita Chowdhury
chowdhury.anindita0101@gmail.com
2
Balasubramanian Somasundaram
directorirc@klu.ac.in
3
Chiranjib Bhattacharjee
cbhattacharyya@chemical.jdvu.ac.in
4
Selvam Periyasamy
selvaamin@yahoo.co.in
5
Sir CV Raman- KS Krishnan International Research Centre, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
Sir CV Raman- KS Krishnan International Research Centre, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, India
Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
Sir CV Raman- KS Krishnan International Research Centre, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, India
Objective(s): Response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD) was applied to statistically optimize the preparation of Rutin-Quercetin (Ru-Qr) dual drug loaded human hair keratin nanoparticles as well as evaluate the characteristics. Materials and Methods: The effects of three independent parameters, namely, temperature (X1:10-40 C), surfactant (X2: SDS (1), SLS (2), Tween-20 (3)), and organic solvents (X3: acetone (1), methanol (2), chloroform (3)) were investigated to optimize the preparation of dual drug loaded keratin nanoparticles, and to understand the effects of dependent parameters namely, drug releasing capacity, average particle size, total antioxidant power, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of Ru-Qr nanoparticles. Optimization was executed by CCD and RSM using statistical software (Design Expert, version 8.0.7.1, Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). The optimal Ru-Qr dual drug loaded keratin nanoparticles were obtained at temperature (X1): 40ÚC, SDS (X2), and acetone (X3). Results: Under this conditions to achieve highest drug releasing capacity of 98.3%, average size of nanoparticles are 125 nm, total antioxidant power 98.68%, zeta potential 28.09 mV, and polydispersity index of 0.54. Although majority of the experimental values were relatively well matched with the predicted values. Conclusion: This optimization study could be useful in pharmaceutical industry, especially for the preparation of new nano-therapeutic formulations encapsulated with drug molecules. This nanotechnology based drug delivery system is to overcome multi drug resistance and site specific action without affecting other organs and tissues. The methodology adopted in this work shall be useful in improvement of quality of human health.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7615_bfc7a0cf76a35f4e50ac3b3fee71c9f0.pdf
Keratin
Quercetin
Response surface methodology
Rutin
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2016-10-01
3
4
268
279
10.22038/nmj.2016.7616
7616
مقاله پژوهشی
Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial property of ag+- nano Chitosan/ZSM-5: novel Hybrid Biocomposites
Maasoumeh Khatamiana
1
Baharak Divband
2
Mahdieh Daryana
3
norganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
norganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
norganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Objective(s): Binary hybrids of chitosan-zeolite have many interesting applications in separation and bacteriostatic activity. Materials and Methods: Template free ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal method, physical hydrogels of nano chitosan in the colloidal domain were obtained in the absence of toxic organic solvent and then nano chitosan/ZSM-5 hybrid composites with nano chitosan contents of 0.35%, 3.5%, 35% wt.% were prepared. The as prepared hybrid composites were ion-exchanged with Ag cations. Results: XRD and FT-IR results revealed a good crystalinity of as synthesized template frees ZSM-5 with BET surface area of 307 m2g-1. Presence of chitosan in composites was confirmed by XRD patterns and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis, the chitosan content in composite was obtained with TG analysis. SEM analysis of composites shows that chitosan particles were dispersed within the nanometer scale. The antimicrobial activity of different samples was investigated and the results showed that the Ag+-exchanged samples have the highest antibacterial properties. Cancer cell line A549 cell line were cultured in designated medium treated with Ag+-exchanged samples at the concentration of 0.01 to 0.5 mg/ml. After 24 and 48 hours incubation, the efficacy of Ag+-exchanged samples to treat cancer cell lines were measured by means of cell viability test via MTT assay. Concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of Ag+-exchanged samples induced a very low toxicity. Conclusion: These hybrid composite materials have potential applications on tissue engineering and antimicrobial food packaging.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_7616_2306c49e7097ffeae734d4fefe669929.pdf
Antibacterial properties
Chitosan
Cytotoxicity
Hybrid nanocomposite
Template free ZSM-5