eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
1
10
10.22038/nmj.2018.06.001
12152
Liposome and polymer-based nanomaterials for vaccine applications
Piyachat Evelyn Roopngam
pyachat@live.com
1
Clinical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Western University, T. Sralongrua, A. Huay Kra Chao, Kanchanaburi, Thailand, 71170
Nanoparticles (NPs) are effective and safe adjuvants for antigen delivery in modern vaccinology. Biodegradable nanomaterials with suitable properties are frequently applied for conjugation or loading with antigens; they protect the antigens from degradation in vivo. NPs are applied as effective delivery system to facilitate antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and especially dendritic cells (DCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Using nanoparticles to target DCs is an effective method to deliver antigens and potent immunomodulators. Uptake of NPs by DCs enhances the intracellular process of antigens and the antigen presentation pathway by MHC class I and II molecules to induce both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Liposome and polymer-based NPs are now extensively applied as effective adjuvants or immunomodulators in several types of vaccines. In this review, the nanomaterials for vaccine application are focused intensively in poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), dendrimers, liposomes, nanogels and micelles which are the targeted antigen delivery system, and present high potential as a promising future strategy for DNA-based, bacterial and viral vaccines. Further advances in nanotechnology and molecular immunology techniques will enhance the success of targeting and lead to the next generation of nano-delivery systems.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12152_4bea4767f3b9e523a2426db1f6b41f55.pdf
Adjuvants
Dendritic cells
Liposome
Nanoparticles
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
11
18
10.22038/nmj.2019.06.002
12153
A review on the applications of nanotechnology in orthodontics
Soodeh Tahmasbi
tahmasbisoodeh@gmail.com
1
Fatemeh Mohamadian
furstinfateme@gmail.com
2
Sehre Hosseini
sehre.hosseini68@gmail.com
3
Leila Eftekhar
leila.eftekhar.a@gmail.com
4
School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
Department of pediatric dentistry, Faculty of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objective (s): Nanotechnology has gained importance in recent years due to its ability in the enhancement of materials properties and other specifications such as antimicrobial properties. Nano-sized materials have been applied in various fields of dentistry. Nanotechnology can be employed in orthodontics to enhance the quality of treatment. In the current study, a comprehensive review is carried out on the applications of nanotechnology in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: In the first step, various databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar and Pubmed were searched by using appropriate keywords for the present study. Afterwards, the related resources were selected to be reviewed. Finally, the key findings of the reviewed studies were represented and summarized. Results: Based on the reviewed researches, nanotechnology is applicable in various aspects of orthodontics. By using nanotechnology, improved properties in mechanical and medical specifications are achievable. For instance, by using nano coating in archwires, the friction force between components can be reduced and facilitate its motion. In addition, adding some types of nano particles to the composites resulted in improvement in tensile and shear bond strength. Antimicrobial properties of specific nano particles such as silver makes them favorable for reducing microorganisms in orthodontics treatment. Moreover, nanotechnology can be used in nano-identation test to assess the tools employed in orthodontics. Conclusion: nanotechnology can be broadly employed in orthodontics to achieve better treatment including improved strength of utilized materials, more accurate positioning and reduced microorganisms.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12153_09d7eacc120ea9a7154a55c734f8f16b.pdf
adhesives
Archwires
Nanorobots
Nanotechnolog
Orthodontics
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
19
26
10.22038/nmj.2019.06.003
12154
مقاله پژوهشی
Antioxidant effects of gold nanoparticles on Schistosoma mansoni induced granuloma, in vitro
Ayatollah El-Shorbagy
ayatollah_el-shorbagy@science.helwan.edu.eg
1
Irene Gamil
irenebotros@hotmail.com
2
Mohammed Mohey
ma_mohey@yahoo.com
3
Soad Nady
soadnady@science.helwan.edu.eg
4
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
Objective(s): Schistosomiasis and hepatitis C virus [HCV] co-infection is common among the Egyptian population. Co-infected patients have higher rate of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of gold nanoparticles on granuloma in vitro. Materials and Methods: In the current study, granulocytes were isolated from the blood of 50 Schistosoma/HCV co-infected patients and 25 healthy subjects. Granulocytes were used to induce granuloma in vitro in the presence of polyacrylamide beads coated with Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen and interleukin-17. In addition, granuloma was treated on the 3rd day with gold nanoparticles alone or in the presence of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep G2) as carcinoma model. Praziquantel (PZQ) was used as a positive control. Granuloma index was determined on the 7th and 14th day. Furthermore, the supernatants were collected to measure the granulocyte mediators including tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and nitric oxide [NO] by ELISA on the 7th and 14th day. Results: Treatment with AuNPs in the presence of Hep G2 showed a significant reduction in granuloma index and granulocyte mediators including H2O2 and NO, while a significant elevation was observed in TNF-α level as compared to their corresponding values in the presence of IL-17 in both healthy individual and co-infected patients on the 7th and 14th day. Conclusion: In conclusion, the presence of IL-17 accelerated the formation of granuloma and the treatment with AuNPs in the presence Hep G2 cells indicated that AuNPs were more effective antioxidant agents than PZQ.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12154_f96028da9d387fabdd4364f06d5a6081.pdf
Interleukin 17
Gold Nanoparticles
Schistosoma
Hepatitis
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
27
34
10.22038/nmj.2019.06.004
12155
مقاله پژوهشی
Perspectives of chitosan nanofiber/film scaffolds with bone marrow stromal cells in tissue engineering and wound dressing
Mohsen Rahimi
mohsenrahimi@sbmu.ac.ir
1
Asgar Emamgholi
asgaremamgholi@gmail.com
2
Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
seyyedtabaei@sbmu.ac.ir
3
Mahdi Khodadoust
mahdikhodadoust1990@gmail.com
4
Hojat Taghipour
fecalis@yahoo.com
5
Ameneh Jafari
amenehjafari@gmail.com
6
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Clinical and Molecular Laboratory, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objective (s): Several methods have been proposed for repairing defects and damages, one of which is cell therapy. Bone marrow stromal cells seem to be suitable for this purpose. On the other hand, many biometric materials are used to improve and correct the defects in the body. Nanofibers are widely used in the medical industry, especially in tissue engineering, as scaffolds in wound healing and wound dressing. Chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers can be a suitable replacement for routine wound coverages. Hence, this study was conducted to present a combination of these methods.Materials and Methods: Chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers and thin films of chitosan were produced and optimized by electron microscopy, on which the bone marrow stromal cells were then cultivated. Interactions between the cells and these biomaterials were investigated through viability, morphology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy of cells after 6 days. All data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA tests in SPSS version 16. PResults: It seems that the high viscosity of chitosan prevents the formation of nanofibers, while chitosan/polyethylene oxide solutions with 80/20 and 90/10 ratios produce perfect, regular, bead free and non-toxic nanofibers with average diameter of 240±10 and 220±10 nm, respectively. The results of immunocytochemistry and viability showed that the cells had relatively high proliferation on the thin chitosan membranes, while the results of the electron microscopy showed that the morphology of cells was better on the nanofibers than on the thin membrane of chitosan.Conclusion: Since bone marrow stromal cells were grown well on chitosan-nanofibers, each of them alone was used in the therapeutic methods. It is better to consider a combination of two methods as the treatment method, especially in tissue engineering and cell therapy.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12155_3026d1cdb840af9949d823725ae1ddc2.pdf
Biocompatible materials
Cell- and Tissue-based therapy
Nanocomposites
Nanostructures
Tissue regeneration
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
35
42
10.22038/nmj.2019.06.005
12156
مقاله پژوهشی
The effects Metformin/Irinotecan-loaded PLGA nanoparticles on glutamate re-uptake time and alteration EAAT1 gene expression level in vitro
Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
ali.tgzd@atauni.edu.tr
1
Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
alitgzd@gmail.com
2
Meltem Cetin
melcetin@hotmail.com
3
Afifie ugur
afife.busra.ugur@gmail.com
4
Selcuk butuner
butunerselcuk@gmail.com
5
Numan Taspinar
numantaspinar@hotmail.com
6
Maryam mohammadzadeh
tanineemrouz@gmail.com
7
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
Objective(s): The present study was designed to evaluate of Metformin/Irinotecan-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) effects on glutamate re-uptake time and receptor expression status in both glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and cortex neuron cultures. The study was performed on glioblastoma cell line and primer cortex neuron.Materials and Methods: The re-uptake time and gene expression status of pure drugs and MET- or IRI-loaded-PLGA NPs on healthy neuron cells and U-87 MG cell line were investigated by using glutamate specific voltammetry electrodes technique and real time PCR. Results: Both MET and MET-PLGA NPs (1 and 2 mM) exhibited significant cytotoxicity on both U87MG and neuron cells. MET and MET-PLGA NPs (0.5 mM) showed lower cytotoxic effects on both cells. IRI and IRI-PLGA NPs (100 µM) had significant cytotoxic effects on both cell lines. Conclusion: All drug-loaded NPs caused a significant reduction in glutamate reuptake time compared with free drugs, blank NPs and cancer cells control groups. Consequently, MET- and IRI-loaded PLGA NPs may be a promising approach to treat GBM.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12156_dd221d7431044bc0e73e4598c8f70825.pdf
EAAT1
Irinotecan
Metformin
PLGA
Voltammetry
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
43
49
10.22038/nmj.2019.06.006
12157
مقاله پژوهشی
Nanocurcumin as a radioprotective agent against radiation-induced mortality in mice
Reza Sadeghi
sadeghi.reza18@yahoo.com
1
Abolfazl Razzaghdoust
razzaghdoust@yahoo.com
2
Mohsen Bakhshandeh
mbakhshandeh@sbmu.ac.ir
3
Farinaz Nasirinezhad
razzaghdoust@sbmu.ac.ir
4
Bahram Mofid
mofid429@sbmu.ac.ir
5
Department of Radiology Technology, Allied Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Radiology Technology, Allied Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objective(s): Curcumin, a natural plant product, is commonly known as wonder drug of life, but the poor bioavailability of its free form has hindered its clinical development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of nanocurcumin on survival of mice under whole body X-ray irradiation. Materials and Methods: The Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice randomly assigned to separate groups and received nanocurcumin via oral gavage at different time points related to irradiation. The survival of mice was evaluated daily for 30 days post-irradiation and finally, the LD50/30 was calculated using Probit analysis. The 30-day survival curve was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the median survival of different subgroups was compared using log-rank test. The P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Our results showed that the administration of oral nanocurcumin could effectively reduce the mortality rate in the irradiated mice. Five days pretreatment with nanocurcumin (4 mg/kg/day) induced maximum radioprotective effect. The LD50/30 was 7.18 Gray (Gy) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.59-7.77) and 8.78 Gy (95% CI: 8.14-9.50) for irradiation-only and the optimum nanocurcumin group (pre-irradiation group), respectively (dose reduction factor [DRF] = 1.22). Continued administration of nanocurcumin up to seven days post-irradiation resulted in no further radioprotection. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study confirmed the efficacy of nanocurcumin as a radioprotective agent against radiation-induced mortality in mice. The specific characteristics of nanocurcumin, such as non-toxicity, edibility, availability, make this phytochemical as a potential radioprotective agent in the radiotherapy setting and radiation accidents. Further clinical studies are highly recommended.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12157_bb2e8beb53a62a7376b87f62e7e4dfbe.pdf
Herbal radioprotector
Mice survival
Nanocurcumin
Whole-body Irradiation
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
50
54
10.22038/nmj.2019.05.007
12158
مقاله پژوهشی
Improving the mechanical and bioactivity of hydroxyapatite porous scaffold ceramic with diopside/forstrite ceramic coating
Sorour Sadeghzade
soroursadeghzade@gmail.com
1
Rahmatollah Emadi
remadi@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
Materials Research Group, Department of Materials engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Materials Research Group, Department of Materials engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Objective(s): Scaffolds are considered as biological substitutes in bone defects which improve and accelerate the healing process of surrounding tissue. In recent years a major challenge in biomaterials is to produce porous materials with properties similar to bone tissue. In this study, the natural bioactive hydroxyapatite scaffolds with nano Diopside /Forstrite coating was successfully synthesized to be used in tissue engineering applications. Materials and Methods: The spongy part of bovine bone was cut and the subsequent sintering temperature was applied for fabrication of natural hydroxyapatite. Then the scaffolds were coated with 30 wt% nano-Diopside/Forstrite composite slurry. The scaffolds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS).Results: In the present study, the mechanical properties of natural HA scaffold were improved when coated with a composite nmaed Diopside/Forstrite ceramic. The optimum properties were evaluated for the scaffolds containing 30 wt% composite ceramic coating. The pore size of the obtained scaffold was measured to be in the range of 300-400 nm. Compressive strength and porosity of the composite scaffold were approximately 1.5±0.2 MPa and 93±1.1 MPa, respectively.Conclusions: Based on the mechanical and bioactivity result, the natural bioactive hydroxyapatite scaffolds with nano Diopside /Forstrite coating showed improved mechanical properties, pore size, porosity content and apatite formation ability whcih can be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12158_a32978b70bc99aacdc7f6db5768bef71.pdf
Porous materials
Hydroxyapatite
Coating
Forstrite
Diopside
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
55
66
10.22038/nmj.2019.06.008
12159
مقاله پژوهشی
BSA nanoparticles loaded with IONPs for biomedical applications: fabrication optimization, physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility evaluation
Parvin Najafi
najafiparvin@ymail.com
1
Hasan Kouchakzadeh
h_kouchakzadeh@sbu.ac.ir
2
Protein Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C. Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
Protein Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C. Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
Objective(s): Cancer diagnosis in its early stages of progress, can enhance the efficiency of treatment utilizing conventional therapy methods. Non-biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has made a big challenge against their usage as a contrast agent. Efficient coverage by biomolecules such as albumin can be a solution to overcome this problem. Herein, albumin-coated IONPs were prepared and the process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve optimum loading of IONPs in albumin nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: IONPs were incorporated into bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BSA NPs) matrix, to yield IONPs-BSA NPs. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized physicochemically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The stability test was conducted over 6 months.Results: Under optimum conditions of 2.28 mg for iron weight and pH 9.21, loading of 7.76% was obtained for the spherical IONPs-BSA NPs with the size of 177±12 nm, PDI of 0.222±0.07 and zeta-potential of -36.4±2.3 mV. These findings revealed that more than 90% and 60% of the particles retained their size over four and six months of storage at 4 °C, respectively. In addition, non-cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility of IONPs-BSA NPs were verified in vitro thereby offering them as a biocompatible contrast agent for cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: The IONPs-BSA NPs developed in this study are promising to be further investigated and functionalized with a ligand to obtain a targetable MRI contrast agent for early cancer diagnosis.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12159_051118b8f8c6ad7b990d8a0623cfad2f.pdf
Bovine serum albumin nanoparticles, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Optimum production
Response surface methodology (RSM)
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Nanomedicine Journal
2322-3049
2322-5904
2019-01-01
6
1
67
74
10.22038/nmj.2019.06.009
12160
مقاله پژوهشی
Use of gold nanoparticles in MAGIC-f gels to 18 MeV photon enhancement
Hossein Khosravi
h.khosravi@umsha.ac.ir
1
Karim Ghazikhanlousani
ghazi@umsha.ac.ir
2
Azizollah Rahimi
azizrahimi91@gmail.com
3
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Objective(s): Normoxic MAGIC-f polymer gels are established dosimeters used for three dimensional dose quantifications in radiotherapy. Nanoparticles with high atomic number such as gold are novel radiosensitizers used to enhance doses delivered to tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in enhancing percentage depth doses (PDDs) within the MAGIC-f gel exposed to linear accelerator (linac) high energy photon beams. Materials and Methods: The MAGIC-f gel was fabricated based on its standard composition with some modifications. The PDDs in tubes containing the gel were calculated by using a common Monte Carlo code (Geant4) followed by experimental verifications. Then, GNPs with an average diameter of 15 nm and a concentration of 0.1 mM were embedded in the gel, poured into falcon tubes and irradiated with 18 MeV beams of an Elekta linac. Finally, similar experimental and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations were made to determine the effect of using GNPs on some dosimetric parameters of interest.Results: The results of experimental measurements and simulated MC calculations showed a dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.12±0.08 and 1.13±0.04, respectively due to the use of GNPs when exposed to 18 MeV linac energies.Conclusion: The results indicated that the fabricated MAGIC-f gel could be recommended as a suitable tool for three dimensional dosimetric investigations at high energy radiotherapy procedures wherein GNPs are used.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_12160_37b23c768ab8ba318dd40c5857306c83.pdf
Radiotherapy
Dose Enhancement Factor
GNPs
MAGIC-f gel
Monte Carlo Method