ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mechanism of oxidative stress involved in the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles against eukaryotic cells
ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. Since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of ZnO NPs-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. Different structural and physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemical position, and presence of metals can lead to changes in biological activities including ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. However, there are some inconsistencies in the literature on the relation between the physicochemical features of ZnO NPs and their plausible oxidative stress mechanism. Herein, the possible oxidative stress mechanism of ZnO NPs was reviewed. This is worthy of further detailed evaluations in order to improve our understanding of vital NPs characteristics governing their toxicity. Therefore, this study focuses on the different reported oxidative stress paradigms induced by ZnO NPs including ROS generated by NPs, oxidative stress due to the NPs-cell interaction, and role of the particle dissolution in the oxidative damage. Also, this study tries to characterize and understand the multiple pathways involved in oxidative stress induced by ZnO NPs. Knowledge about different cellular signaling cascades stimulated by ZnO NPs lead to the better interpretation of the toxic influences induced by the cellular and acellular parameters. Regarding the potential benefits of toxic effects of ZnO NPs, in-depth evaluation of their toxicity mechanism and various effects of these nanoparticles would facilitate their implementation for biomedical applications.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6191_0759c19b7600a9638287efcae745c3b5.pdf
2016-01-01
1
14
10.7508/nmj.2016.01.001
Cellular responses
Cytotoxicity
Oxidative stress
ROS generation
ZnO NPs
M.
Saliani
mahsa.saliani@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Jalal
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
E. K.
Goharshadi
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect of silver nanoparticle synthesized by Croton bonplandianum Baill. leaves
Objective(s): For the development of reliable, ecofriendly, less expensive process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and to evaluate the bactericidal, and cytotoxicity properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from root extract of Croton bonplandianum, Baill. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plant part of Croton bonplandianum was carried out. The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The biochemical properties were assayed by antibacterial study, cytotoxicity assay using cancer cell line. Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis which showed absorbance peak at 425 nm. X-ray diffraction photograph indicated the face centered cubic structure of the synthesized AgNPs. TEM has displayed the different dimensional images of biogenic silver nanoparticles with particle size distribution ranging from 15-40 nm with an average size of 32 nm. Silver particles are spherical in shape, clustered. The EDX analysis was used to identify the elemental composition of synthesized AgNPs. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs against three Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carried out showed significant zones of inhibition. The cytotoxicity study by AgNPS also showed cytotoxicity on ovarian cancer cell line PA-1 and lung epithelial cancer cell line A549. Conclusion: The present study confirms that the AgNPs have great promise as antibacterial, and anticancer agent.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6192_30071758514775ddd71e3b7e2e888c67.pdf
2016-01-01
15
22
10.7508/nmj.2016.01.002
Antibacterial activity
Croton bonplandianum
Cytotoxicity
Silver nitrate
Silver nanoparticles
K.
Khanra
kkhanra@rediffmail.com
1
Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College; East Midnapore; West Bengal; INDIA
AUTHOR
S.
Panja
sudipta80@yahoo.co.in
2
Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College; East Midnapore; West Bengal; INDIA
AUTHOR
I.
Choudhuri
ics741@yahoo.co.in
3
Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College; East Midnapore; West Bengal; INDIA
AUTHOR
A.
Chakraborty
anindita.iuc@gmail.com
4
Radiation Biology Division,UGC-DAE CSR, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8
Bidhan Nagar
AUTHOR
N.
Bhattacharyya
bhattacharyya_nandan@rediffmail.com
5
Department of Biotechnology, Panskura Banamali College; East Midnapore; West Bengal; INDIA
LEAD_AUTHOR
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45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the effect of crocetin on antitumor activity of doxorubicin encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles
Objective(s): The current study reports investigation of codelivery by PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with crocetin (Cro), a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower, and Doxorubicin (DOX). Materials and Methods: Double emulsion/solvent evaporation method was used for preparation of PLGA nanoparticles containing Dox and Cro. Characterizations of prepared NPs were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro Cytotoxicity of DOX and Cro loaded PLGA NPs (PLGA-DOX-Cro) on MCF-7 cell line was evaluated using MTT test. Flow cytometry experiments were implemented to distinguish cells undergoing apoptosis from those undergoing necrosis. Furthermore the expression of caspase 3 was examined by western blot analysis. Results: The prepared formulations had size of 150- 300 nm. Furthermore, PLGA-DOX-Cro nanoparticles inhibited MCF-7 tumor cells growth more efficiently than either DOX or Cro alone at the same concentrations, as quantified by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Studies on cellular uptake of DOX-Cro-NPs demonstrated that NPs were effectively taken up by MCF-7 tumor cells. Conclusion: This study suggested that DOX-Cro-NPs may have promising applications in breast cancer therapy.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6193_516513fe358ab5ce3350a76294f99d38.pdf
2016-01-01
23
34
10.22038/nmj.2016.6193
Breast cancer, Chemotherapy, Crocetin
Doxorubicin, PLGA
F. A
Langroodi
1
Department of Biology, School of Science, Payame Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Z.
Hafezi Ghahestani
2
Department of Biology, School of Science, Payame Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Alibolandi
alibolandim@mums.ac.ir
3
Biotechnology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ebrahimian
mahboobeh.ebrahimian@gmail.com
4
Biotechnology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Hashemi
5
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad,Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simultaneous loading of 5-florouracil and SPIONs in HSA nanoparticles: Optimization of preparation, characterization and in vitro drug release study
Objective(s): Over the past two decades, considerable interest has been focused on utilizing biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications. In this study, production of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles using desolvation technique that were simultaneous loaded with high amounts of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and 5-flourouracil (5-FU) was investigated. Materials and Methods: 5-FU loading (%) and SPIONs entrapment efficiency (%) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The design expert software used to analyse the interactive effects of pH, 5-FU and SPIONs concentrations. Results:The optimum conditions found to be pH of 8.2, drug concentration of 1.5 mg/ml and SPIONs concentration of 2.79 mg/ml. Under the mentioned optimum conditions, particles with the size of 111.8 nm, zeta potential of -37.1 mV, 5-FU loading of 15.8% and SPIONs entrapment efficiency of 41.1% were obtained. In vitro cumulative release of 5-FU from the nanoparticles was evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Results indicated that 85% of the 5-FU released during 95 h, which revealed a sustained release profile. In addition, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analyses confirmed the superparamagnetic properties of magnetic albumin nanoparticles manufactured under the optimum conditions. Conclusion: According to the findings,SPIONs and 5-FU loaded HAS nanoparticles arepromising for use as novel targeted delivery system due to proper magnetic and drug release behaviours.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6194_88512a72969c60dc6f159219c6644e02.pdf
2016-01-01
35
42
10.7508/nmj.2016.01.004
5-Flourouracil
HSA nanoparticle
In-vitro drug release
Magnetic nanoparticle
Response surface methodology
H.
Kouchakzadeh
h_kouchakzadeh@yahoo.com
1
Protein Research Center, Shahaid Behashti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Hoseini Makarem
s.makarem@yahoo.com
2
Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Shojaosadati
shoja_sa@modares.ac.ir
3
Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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1
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2
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[8] Wacker M, Zensi A, Kufleitner J, Ruff A, Schütz J, Stockburger T, Marstaller T, Vogel V. A toolbox for the upscaling of ethanolic human serum albumin (HSA) desolvation. Int. J. Pharm., 2011; 46: 225-232.
8
[9] Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston P.G. 5-Fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2003; 3: 330-338.
9
[10] Pinedo HM, Peters GF. Fluorouracil: biochemistry and pharmacology J Clin Oncol. 1988; 6: 1653-1664.
10
[11] Alter P, Herzum M, Soufi M, Schaefer JR, Maisch B. Cardiotoxicity of 5- fluorouracil. cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2006; 4(1): 1-5.
11
[12] Wigmore PM, Mustafa S, El-Beltagy M, Lyons L, Umka J, Bennett G. Effects of 5-FU. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 678: 157-164.
12
[13] Fadeian G, Shojaosadati SA, Kouchakzadeh H, Shokri F, Soleimani M. Targeted Delivery of 5-fluorouracil with Monoclonal Antibody Modified Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles. Iranian J Pharm Res. 2015; 14(2) 395-405.
13
[14] Kouchakzadeh H, Shojaosadati SA, Mohammadnejad J, Paknejad M, Rasaee MJ. Attachment of an anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody to 5-FU loaded BSA nanoparticles for active targeting of breast cancer cells. Hum Antibodies. 2012; 21: 49-56.
14
[15] Danhier F, Feron O, Preat V. To exploit the tumor microenvironment: passive and active tumor targeting of nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug delivery. J Control Release 2010; 148(2): 135-146.
15
[16] Langer K, Balthasar S, Vogel V, Dinauer N, von Briesen H, Schubert D. Optimization of the preparation process for human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles. Int J Pharm. 2003; 257 (1-2): 169-180.
16
[17] Pouponeau P, Leroux JC, Martel S. Magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated into biodegradable microparticles steered with an upgraded magnetic resonance imaging system for tumor chemoembolization. Biomaterials. 2009; 30: 6327-6332.
17
[18] Kouchakzadeh H, Shojaosadati SA, Shokri F. Efficient loading and entrapment of tamoxifen inhuman serum albumin based nanoparticulate delivery system by a modified desolvationtechnique. chem eng res des. 2014; 92: 1681-1692.
18
[19] Maghsoudi A, Shojaosadati SA, Vasheghani-Farahani E. 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded BSA Nanoparticles: Formulation Optimization and In Vitro Release Study. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2008; 9: 1092-1096.
19
[20] Anhorn MG, Mahler HC, Langer K. Freeze drying of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles with different excipients. Int. J. Pharm. 2008; 363: 162-169.
20
[21] Kouchakzadeh H, Shojaosadati SA, Maghsoudi A, Vasheghani Farahani E. Optimization of PEGylation conditions for BSA nanoparticles using response surface methodology. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2010; 11: 1206-1211.
21
[22] Calatayud MP, Sanz B, Raffa V, Riggio C, Ibarra MR, Goya GF. The effect of surface charge of functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles on protein adsorption and cell uptake. Biomaterials. 2014; 35: 6389-6399.
22
[23] Issa B, Obaidat IB, Albiss BA, Haik Y. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Surface Effects and Properties Related to Biomedicine Applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2013; 14: 21266–21305.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and evaluation of electrospun nanofibers containing pectin and time-dependent polymers aimed for colonic drug delivery of celecoxib
Objective(s):The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib using combination of time-dependent polymers with pectin to achieve a colon-specific drug delivery system for celecoxib. Materials and Methods:Formulations were produced based on two multilevel 22 full factorial designs. The independent variables were the ratio of drug:time-dependent polymer (X1) and the amount of pectin in formulations (X2). Electrospinning process was used for preparation of nanofibers. The spinning solutions were loaded in 5 mL syringes. The feeding rate was fixed by a syringe pump at 2.0 mL/h and a high voltage supply at range 10-18 kV was applied for electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers were collected and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and drug release in the acid and buffer with pH 6.8 with and without pectinase. Results:Electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib with appropriate morphological properties were produced via electrospinning process. Drug release from electrospun nanofibers was very low in the acidic media; while, drug release in the simulated colonic media was the highest from formulations containing pectin. Conclusion: Formulation F2 (containing drug:ERS with the ratio of 1:2 and 10% pectin) exhibited acceptable morphological characteristics and protection of drug in the upper GI tract and could be a good candidate as a colonic drug delivery system for celecoxib.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6195_86c3b8bda972fab97898885cf34fa7ae.pdf
2016-01-01
43
48
10.7508/nmj.2016.01.005
Celecoxib
Colonic delivery
Electrospinning
Nanofiber
Pectin
A.
Akhgari
akhgaria@mums.ac.ir
1
Nanotechnology Research Center , School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Hossein Rotubati
2
Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmauy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Luong-Van E, Grondahl L, Chua KN, Leong KW, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Controlled release of heparin from poly ([-caprolactone) electrospun fibers. Biomaterials. 2006; 27: 2042-2050.
1
[2] Liang D, Hsiao BS, Chu B. Functional electrospun nanofibers scaffold for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliver Rev. 2007; 59: 1392-1412.
2
[3] Wu SH, Qin XH. Uniaxially aligned polyacrylonitrile nanofiber yarns prepared by a novel modified electrospinning method. Mater Lett. 2013; 106: 204-207.
3
[4] Abdal-Hay A, Tijing LD, Lim JK. Characterization of the surface biocompatibility of an electrospun nylon 6/CaP nanofiber scaffold using osteoblasts. Chem Eng J. 2013; 215-216: 57-64.
4
[5] Unnithan AR, Barakat NAM, Pichiah PBT, Gnanasekaran G, Nirmala R, Cha YS, Hung CH, El-Newehy M, Kim HY. Wound-dressing materials with antibacterial activity from electrospun polyurethane-dextran nanofiber mats containing ciprofloxacin HCl. Carbohyd Polym. 2012; 90(4): 1786-1793.
5
[6] Bhardwaj N, Kundu SC. Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique. Biotechnol Adv. 2010; 28(3): 325-347.
6
[7] Wang Y, Hsieh YL. Enzyme immobilization to ultra-fine cellulose fibers via amphiphilic polyethylene glycol spacers. J. Polym. Sci. Part A, Polymer Chemistry. 2004; 42: 4289-4299.
7
[8] Wu L, Yuan X, Sheng J. Immobilization of cellulose in nanofibrous PVA membranes by electrospinning. J Membrane Sci. 2005; 250: 167-173.
8
[9] Yu DG, Yang JM, Branford-White C, Lu P, Zhang L, Zhu LM. Third generation solid dispersions of ferulic acid in electrospun composite nanofibers. Int J Pharm. 2010; 400: 158-164.
9
[10] Okuda T, Tominaga K, Kidoaki S. Time-programmed dual release formulation by multilayered drug-loaded nanofiber meshes. J Control Release. 2010; 143(2): 258-264.
10
[11] Yoo HS, Kim TG, Park TG. Surface-functionalized electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliver Rev. 2009; 61(12): 1033-1042.
11
[12] Maretschek S, Greiner A, Kissel T. Electrospun biodegradable nanofiber nonwovens for controlled release of proteins. J Control Release. 2008; 127(2): 180-187.
12
[13] Maroni A, Del Curto MD, Zema L, Foppoli A, Gazzaniga A. Film coatings for oral colon delivery. Int J Pharm. 2013; 457(2): 372-394.
13
[14] Ashford M, Fell JT, Attwood D, Sharma H, Woodhead PJ. An in vitro investigation into the suitability of pH dependent polymers for colonic targeting. Int J Pharm. 1993; 95: 193–199.
14
[15] Shen X, Yu D, Zhu L, Brandford-White C, White K, Chatterton NP. Electrospun diclofenac sodium loaded eudragit L 100-55 nanofibers for colon-targeted drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2011; 408: 200-207.
15
[16] Setia S, Nehru B, Sanial SN. Celecoxib prevents colitis associated carcinogenesis: an upregulation of apoptosis. Pharmacol Rep. 2014; 66(6): 1083-1091.
16
[17] Liu Y, Ma G, Fang D, Xu J, Zhang H, Nie J. Effects of solution properties and electric field on the electrospinning of hyaluronic acid. Carbohyd Polym. 2011; 83(2): 1011-5.
17
[18] Shukla RK, Tiwari A. Carbohydrate polymers: Applications and recent advances in delivering drugs to the colon. Carbohyd Polym. 2012; 88(2): 399-416.
18
[19] Akhgari A, Abbaspour M, Moradkhanizadeh M. Combination of pectin and eudragit RS and eudragit RL in the matrix of pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization for possible colonic delivery of 5-amino salicylic acid. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2013; 8(2): 86-92.
19
[20] McDonald PF, Lyons JG, Geever LM, Higginbotham CL. In vitro degradation and drug release from polymer blends based on poly(DL-lactide), poly(L-lactideglycolide) and poly(e-caprolactone). J Mater Sci. 2010; 45: 1284-1292.
20
[21] Chou SF, Carson D, Woodrow KA. Current strategies for sustaining drug release from electrospun nanofibers. J Control Release. 2015; In Press.
21
[22] Rao PR, Diwan PV. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of polymeric films of diltiazem hydrochloride and indomethacin for transdermal administration. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1998; 4: 327-333.
22
[23] Akhgari A, Farahmand F, Afrasiabi Garekani H, Sadeghi F, Vandamme T. The effect of pectin on swelling and permeability characteristics of free films containing eudragit RL and/or RS as a coating formulation aimed for colonic drug delivery. DARU. 2010; 18(2): 91-96.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of combination of magnesium and zinc oxide nanoparticles and heat on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in milk
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of combination of MgO and ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of heat against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods:Bacteria were grown on either agar or broth media followed by the addition of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles. Then the combined effect of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles was investigated. Furthermore, the media containing nanoparticles were treated with mild heat and their synergistic antibacterial activity was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus in milk. Results: The data showed that the nanoparticles used in this study had no effect on the bacteria in the agar medium. However, the results showed that ZnO and MgO nanoparticles resulted in a significant decrease in the number of E. coli (P<0.000) and S. aureus (Pd”0.05) in the broth medium. The combination of nanoparticles and mild heat exhibited a significant decrease in the number of E. coli and S. aureus indicating the synergistic effects of nanoparticles and heat. Conclusion: Using a combination of mild heat, ZnO and MgO nanoparticles, E. coli and S. aureus can be controlled successfully in the milk. Mild heating plus ZnO and MgO nanoparticles has a synergistic effect which would reduce the need for high temperature and also the concentrations of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles required for pathogen control in minimally processed milk during maintaining.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6196_7485fa40cafe8a22860f4dbac69ba664.pdf
2016-01-01
49
56
10.7508/nmj.2016.01.006
Escherichia coli
Magnesium oxide
Nanoparticles
Staphylococcus aureus
Zinc Oxide
M.
Kimiaee Sadr
1
Department of Biology, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Mirhosseini
2
Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gh.
Rahimi
3
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] van den Bogaard AE, Stobberingh EE. Epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics. Links between animals and humans. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000; 14: 327-335.
1
[2] Aslan K, Gryczynski I, Malicka J, Matveeva E, Lakowicz JR, Geddes CD. Metal-enhanced fluorescence: an emerging tool in biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotech. 2005; 16: 55-62.
2
[3] Kluytmans J, van Belkum A, Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997; 10: 505-520.
3
[4] Nester EW, Roberts CE, Pearsall NN, Andreson DG, Nester NT. Microbiology: a Human Perspective. WCM McGraw-HILL, Boston, Massachusetts. 2001.
4
[5] Hoseinzadeh E. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle, Zinc Oxide nanoparticle and their combine against bacterial nosocomial infections agents. [Thesis] Hamedan .Iran: Hamedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2011.
5
[6] Sun Y, Mayers B, Herricks T, Xia Y. Polyol synthesis of uniform silver nanowires: a plausible growth mechanism and the supporting evidence. Nano letters. 2003; 3: 955-960.
6
[7] Jones GL, Muller CT, O’Reilly M, Stickler DJ. Effect of triclosan on the development of bacterial biofilms by urinary tract pathogens on urinary catheters. J Antimicrob Chemoth. 2006; 57: 266-272.
7
[8] Te Dorsthorst D, Verweij P, Meis J, Punt N, Mouton J. Comparison of fractional inhibitory concentration index with response surface modeling for characterization of in vitro interaction of antifungals against itraconazole-susceptible and resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates. Antimicrob Agents Ch. 2002; 46: 702-70.
8
[9] Handy RD, von der Kammer F, Lead JR, Hassellov M, Owen R, Crane M. The ecotoxicology and chemistry of manufactured nanoparticles. Ecotoxicology. 2008; 17: 287-314.
9
[10] Ostrowski AD, Martin T, Conti J, Hurt I, Harthorn BH (2009). Nanotoxicology: characterizing the scientific literature, 2000-2007. J Nanopart Res 11: 251-257.
10
[11] Shi LE, Xing L, Hou B, Ge H, Guo X, Tang Z. Inorganic nano mental oxides used as anti-microorganism agents for pathogen control. Current Research, Technology and Education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology. 2007; 361-368.
11
[12] Barzegari Firouzabadi F, Noori M, Edalatpanah Y, Mirhosseini M. ZnO nanoparticle suspensions containing citric acid as antimicrobial to control Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in mango juice. Food Control. 2014; 42: 310-314.
12
[13] Mirhosseini M, Arjmand V. Reducing pathogens by using zinc oxide nanoparticles and acetic acid in sheep meat. J Food Protect. 2014; 77: 1599-1604.
13
[14] Roselli M, Finamore A, Garaguso I, Britti MS (2003). Zinc oxide protects cultured enterocytes from the damage induced by Escherichi coli. J Nutr 133: 4077–4082.
14
[15] Okouchi S, Murata R, Sugita H, Moriyoshi Y, Maeda N. Calorimetric evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of calcined dolomite. J Antibact Antifungal Agents. 1995; 26: 109–114.
15
[16] Sawai J, Kojima H, Igarashi H, Hashimoto A, Shoji S, Shimizu M. Bactericidal action of calcium oxide powder. T MRS JAP. 1999; 24: 667–670.
16
[17] Mirhosseini M, Firouzabadi FB. Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticle suspensions on food borne pathogens. Int J Dairy Technol. 2013; 66: 291-295.
17
[18] Liu Y, He L, Mustapha A, Li H. Antibacterial activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Appl Microbiol. 2009; 107: 1193-1201.
18
[19] Zohdy MH, Abdel Kareem H, El-Naggar AM, Hassan MS. Microbial detection, surface morphology, and thermal stability of cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics treated with antimicrobial formulations by a radiation method. J Appl Polym Sci. 2003; 89: 2604–2610.
19
[20] Jin T, Sun D, Su JY, Zhang H. Antimicrobial efficacy of Zinc Oxide quantum dots against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and E. coli O157:H7. J Food Sci. 2009; 74: 46–52.
20
[21] Aronsson K, Rinner U. Inûuence of pH, water activity and temperature on the inactivation of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by pulsed electric ûelds. Innovative Food Sci Emerging Technol. 2001; 2: 105- 112.
21
[22] Ameer Azam B, Arham S, Ahmed M, Oves MS, Adnan M. Size- dependent antimicrobial properties of CuO nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012; 7: 3527- 3535.
22
[23] Reddy KM, Feris K, Bell J, Wingett DG, Hanley C, Punnoose A. Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Appl Phys Lett. 2007; 90: 2139021-2139023.
23
[24] Ren G, Hu D, Cheng EW, Vargas-Reus MA, Reip P, Allaker RP. Characterisation of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. Int J Antimicrob Ag. 2009; 33: 587-590.
24
[25] Feng QL, Wu J, Chen GQ, Cui FZ, Kim TN, Kim JO. A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomed Mater Res. 2000; 52: 662-668.
25
[26] Jones N, Ray B, Ranjit KT, Manna AC. Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticle suspensions on a broad spectrum of microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008; 279: 71-76.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on wound healing in rats
Objective(s): This study was aimed at investigating the synergy effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on the healing rate of the cutting wounds. Materials and Methods: In order to determine the concentration of silver nanoparticles in Aloe vera gel, the MBC methods were applied on the most common bacteria infecting wounds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cutting wounds with Full-thickness skin were dorsally created on rats; then the rats were divided into 4 groups. The treatments groups included: mixture of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles, Aloe vera gel alone and silver nanoparticles alone in addition to control groups. The treatment was carried out for 2 weeks and the size of the wound closures were measured by an image software analysis. Results:There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in healing rate between the control and mixture group. However, there were significant differences between the silver nanoparticles and Aloe vera groups using Tukey’s analysis on the 6th, 8th and 10th days. Conclusion:The Aloe vera gel increased the rate of wound healing whereas the silver nanoparticles had a delay effect; and when they were mixed, it was similar to the average effect of both Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6197_86ad042f7bac74159afcb89daf4843e2.pdf
2016-01-01
57
64
10.7508/nmj.2016.01.007
Aloe Vera gel
Silver nanoparticle
Wound healing
Y.
Yousefpoor
yousefpoory1@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, College of Advanced Sciences and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Bolouri
yousefpoory1@gmail.com
2
Department of Nanotechnology, College of Advanced Sciences and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Bayati
melodi_bkenz@yahoo.com
3
Department of Nanotechnology, College of Advanced Sciences and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Shakeri
4
Khalilabad Health Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Y.
Eskandari
eskandari88yaser@gmail.com
5
Khalilabad Health Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
[1] Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T, Robbins SL. Robbins pathologic basis of disease: Saunders; 1999.
1
[2] RAJAN S. Skin and soft-tissue infections: Classifying and treating a spectrum. Cleve Clin J Med. 2012; 79(1): 57-66.
2
[3] Zetola N, Francis JS, Nuermberger EL, Bishai WR. Community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging threat. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005; 5(5): 275-86.
3
[4] Sharrif Moghaddasi M. Aloe vera Chemicals and Usages. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2010; 4(3): 464-8.
4
[5] Sharrif Moghaddasi M, Res M. Aloe vera their chemicals composition and applications: a review. Int J Biol Med Res. 2011; 2(1): 466-71.
5
[6] Kumar KS, Bhowmik D, Biswajit C. Aloe vera: a potential herb and its medicinal importance. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010; 2: 21-9.
6
[7] Hamid AAA, Soliman MF. Effect of topical aloe vera on the process of healing of full-thickness skin burn: a histological and immunohistochemical study. Journal of Histology & Histopathology. 2015; 2(1): 3.
7
[8] Kemper KJ, Chiou V. Aloe vera (Aloe vera). Longwood Herbal Task Force: http://www, mcp. edu/herbal/default. htm; 1999.
8
[9] Alemdar S, Agaoglu S. Investigation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera juice. J Anim Vet Adv. 2009; 8(1): 99-102.
9
[10] Hu Y, Xu J, Hu Q. Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 2003/12/01; 51(26): 7788-91.
10
[11] Duran N, Marcato PD, De Souza GI, Alves OL, Esposito E. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles produced by fungal process on textile fabrics and their effluent treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2007; 3(2): 203-8.
11
[12] Chen X, Schluesener H. Nanosilver: a nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicol Lett. 2008; 176(1): 1-12.
12
[13] Marambio-Jones C, Hoek EM. A review of the antibacterial effects of silver nanomaterials and potential implications for human health and the environment. J Nanopart Res. 2010;12(5):1531-51.
13
[14] Matzke M, Jurkschat K, Backhaus T. Toxicity of differently sized and coated silver nanoparticles to the bacterium Pseudomonas putida: risks for the aquatic environment? Ecotoxicology. 2014: 1-12.
14
[15] Fabrega J, Luoma SN, Tyler CR, Galloway TS, Lead JR. Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environment international. 2011; 37(2): 517-31.
15
[16] Vogler B, Ernst E. Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract. 1999; 49(447): 823.
16
[17] Andrews JM. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001; 48(suppl 1): 5-16.
17
[18] Taylor P, Schoenknecht F, Sherris J, Linner E. Determination of minimum bactericidal concentrations of oxacillin for Staphylococcus aureus: influence and significance of technical factors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983; 23(1): 142-50.
18
[19] Rajeswari R, Umadevi M, Rahale CS, Pushpa R, Selvavenkadesh S, Kumar KS, et al. Aloe vera: the miracle plant its medicinal and traditional uses in India. J Pharmacognosy Phytochem. 2012; 1: 118-124.
19
[20] Basmatker G, Jais N, Daud A. Aloe vera: a valuable multifunctional cosmetic ingredient. Int J Med Aromat Plants. 2011; 1: 338-41.
20
[21] Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S,Kongkaew C. The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 2007;Sep;33(6):713-8. PubMed PMID: 17499928. Epub 2007/05/15. eng.
21
[22] Oryan A, Naeini AT, Nikahval B, Gorjian E. Effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera on experimental cutaneous wound healing in rat. Veterinarski arhiv. 2010; 80(4): 509-22.
22
[23] Rajeswari R, Umadevi M, Rahale CS, Pushpa R, Selvavenkadesh S, Kumar KS, et al. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2012; 1(4): 118-124.
23
[24] Oryan A, Mohammadalipour A, Moshiri A, Tabandeh MR. Topical Application of Aloe vera Accelerated Wound Healing, Modeling, and Remodeling: An Experimental Study With Significant Clinical Value. Ann Plast Surg. 2014; [Epub ahead of print].
24
[25] Rigo C, Ferroni L, Tocco I, Roman M, Munivrana I, Gardin C, et al. Active silver nanoparticles for wound healing. Int J Mol Sci. 2013; 14(3): 4817-40.
25
[26] Velázquez-Velázquez JL, Santos-Flores A, Araujo-Meléndez J, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Velasquillo C, González C, et al. Anti-biofilm and cytotoxicity activity of impregnated dressings with silver nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2015; 49: 604-11.
26
[27] Chowdhury S, De M, Guha R, Batabyal S, Samanta I, Hazra SK, et al. Influence of silver nanoparticles on postsurgical wound healing following topical application. Eur J Nanomed. 2014; 6(4): 237-47.
27
[28] Habiboallah G, Mahdi Z, Majid Z, Nasroallah S, Taghavi AM, Forouzanfar A, et al. Enhancement of gingival wound healing by local application of silver nanoparticles periodontal dressing following surgery: a histological assessment in animal model. Mod Res Inflamm. 2014; 2014.
28
[29] AshaRani P, Low Kah Mun G, Hande MP, Valiyaveettil S.Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human cells. ACS nano. 2008; 3(2): 279-90.
29
[30] Singh M, Singh S, Prasad S, Gambhir I. Nanotechnology in medicine and antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles. Digest J Nanomater Biostructures. 2008; 3(3): 115-22.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the effect of different parameters on the phase inversion temperature O/W nanoemulsions
Objective(s): Nanoemulsions are a kind of emulsions that can be transparent, translucent (size range 50-200 nm) or “milky” (up to 500 nm). Nanoemulsions are adequatly effective for transfer of active component through skin which facilitate the entrance of the active component . The transparent nature of the system and lack of the thickener and fluidity are among advantages of nanoemulsion. Materials and Methods: In this study, a nanoemulsion of lemon oil in water was prepared by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification method in which the tween 40 was used as surfactant. The effect of concentration of NaCl in aqueous phase, pH and weight percent of surfactant and aqueous on the PIT and droplet size were investigated. Results: The results showed that with increasing of concentration of NaCl from 0.05 M to 1 M, PIT decrease from 72 to 50. The average droplet sizes, for 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M of NaCl in 25 ºC are 497.3, 308.1 and 189.9 nm, respectively and the polydispersity indexes are 0.348, 0.334 and 0.307, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the characteristics of nanoemulsions such as being transparent, endurance of solution and droplet size can provide suitable reaction environment for polymerization process used in making hygienic and medical materials.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6198_474bd0ed7c4b3da55ccd9e8ffe81b0bd.pdf
2016-01-01
65
68
10.7508/nmj.2016.01.008
Nanoemulsion
Phase inversion temperature
Surfactant
D.
Kaviani
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Koonani
2
Department of Chemistry, faculty of science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Saghi
3
Department of Chemistry, faculty of science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Hosein Bigtan
4
Department of Chemistry, faculty of science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
AUTHOR
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1
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