@article { author = {Malaekeh-Nikouei, Bizhan and Salarbashi, Davoud}, title = {Nanoencapsulation and delivery of curcumin using some carbohydrate based systems: A review}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {57-61}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.001}, abstract = {Nanoencapsulation is commonly used to improve nutritional properties, rheological behavior and flavor profile of phytochemicals. The particles commonly utilized to encapsulate the functional ingredients are natural polymers such as polysaccharides and proteins. There is an ever-growing interest for use of polysaccharides to encapsulate hydrophobic phytochemicals like curcumin. Curcumin is a polyphenol compound with numerous health benefits including anti- inflammatory, antioxidant capacity and anti-cancer activity. However, poor solubility of this compound in gut has been led to restricting of its bio accessibility. Encapsulation of curcumin with biopolymers is one of the most effective methods to increase its bioavailability. In the present article, we will briefly review the recent studies focused on application of carbohydrate polymers including starch, β-cyclodextrin, pectin, Arabic gum, carrageenan gum, soluble soy bean polysaccharide (SSPS) and Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide as a carrier of curcumin.}, keywords = {Curcumin,Nanoencapsulation,Polysaccharides}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10509.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10509_ee3c723f7a2e9f8fa6a68486fc9379e6.pdf} } @article { author = {Khanmohammadi Chenab, Karim and Eivazzadeh-Keihan, Reza and Pashazadeh-Panahi, Paria and Mokhtarzadeh, Ahad and Maleki, Ali}, title = {Biological Applications of Bacterial Nano-Surface Layers : A Brief Overview}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {62-66}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.002}, abstract = {Surface layer as the outer protective coverage of bacteria and archaea are two-dimensional crystalline and symmetrical arrays of proteins that recently attract a lot of attention for biologist scientists. The surface layers of bacteria are usually 5 to 10 nm in diameter and represent highly porous protein lattices with uniform size and morphology with the pore sizes of 2 to 8 nm. The crucial and most prominent property of this protein-based layer is the regular morphology and suitable chemical composition for different biological applications. Although the formation mechanism of surface layers is different from one type of cell to another once, the surface layer protein molecular compositions almost are same for all types. Recently, the biological application of surface layers opens a prominent research fields in surface biological science such as nano-biotechnology adhesion, vaccination, pharmaceutical, biosensors, bioremediation and mineralization application. In this mini review, we discussed about the main application of this nano-layer in biological systems.}, keywords = {Biosensors,Boremediation,Bacteria,Pharmaceutical application,Surface layer}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10511.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10511_04deba1f18773bc371c1238525c78c2a.pdf} } @article { author = {Jazayeri-Tehrani, SSeyed Ali and Rezayat, Seyed Mahdi and Mansouri, Siavash and Qorbani, Mostafa and Alavian, Seyed Moayed and Daneshi-Maskooni, Milad and Hosseinzadeh-Attar, Mohammad-Javad}, title = {The Nanocurcumin Reduces Appetite in Obese Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {67-76}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.003}, abstract = {Objective(s): Various beneficial effects of curcumin have been seen specially as anti-inflammator and antioxidant agent. However, until now no human studies have been done on curcumin’s role in control of appetite. So, the present study was done to determine the effect of nanocurcumin on appetite in obese Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients.Materials and Methods: This study was done in the central hospital of Oil Company, Tehran. According to the eligiblity criteria, 84 NAFLD patients with obesity were enrolled. The patients were devided randomly to 2 equal groups (nanocurcumin and placebo, 80 mg/day with meals, follow-up monthly for 3 months). In addition, lifestyle advises were presented. The general questionnaire, appetite sensations (using visual analogue scales [VAS]), , weight and height at the beginning and the end of the study were recordedResults: The mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 41.8(±5.6), 30.67(±2.14)and 42.5(±6.2)yrs and 30.75(±2.35)kg/m2 for nanocurcumin and placebo groups respectively. The baseline characteristics and dietary intakes were similar between patients, exception for energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acid, vitamins D, B1, B6, and folate (DFE). The appetite significantly reduced according to both unadjusted and adjusted analysis models.Conclusion: This study was the first assess of nanocurcumin’s role in control of appetite among obese NAFLD patients. Overall results showed the nanocurcumin supplementation reduced appetite significantly. However, determining the potential role of curcumin in managing of NAFLD- and obesity-related conditions need further study.}, keywords = {Appetite,Nanocurcumin,Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD),Obesity,Trial}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10442.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10442_ba48a11d72e129a1bda68a155212784d.pdf} } @article { author = {Fadaie, Milad and Mirzaei, Esmaeil}, title = {Nanofibrillated chitosan/polycaprolactone bionanocomposite scaffold with improved tensile strength and cellular behavior}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {77-89}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.004}, abstract = {Objective(s): Fabrication of scaffolds with improved mechanical properties and favorable cellular compatibility is crucial for many tissue engineering applications. This study was aimed to improve mechanical and biological properties of polycaprolactone (PCL), which is a common biocompatible and biodegradable synthetic polymer in tissue engineering. Nanofibrillated chitosan (NC) was used as a natural nanofiller to produced PCL nanobiocomposite scaffold with both enhanced mechanical properties and appropriate biological properties. Materials and Methods: Surface morphology and orientation of chitosan nanofibrils was investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM). PCL/NC suspension solutions with various content of NC were prepared using dimethylformamide as a dipolar solvent to obtain homogenous solutions. The scaffolds were produced through a solvent casting procedure at room temperature. The prepared scaffolds was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection- fourier transform infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), uniaxial mechanical testing, contact angle (CA) measurements and swelling and weight loss analysis. In vitro studies were also exceeded to evaluate the cellular compatibility of the prepared scaffolds. Results: The average diameter of chitosan nanofibrils was measured 88±10 nm. The existence of NC in nanocomposite was proven by ATR-FTIR and XRD results. Interestingly, incorporation of 10% of NC into PCL, improved the tensile strength of scaffolds from 2.7 to 6.5 MPa while reduced the elasticity. What is more, water contact angel of the membranes was decreased from 133° to 88˚ which imply more surface wettability of nanocomposite scaffolds in comparison to PCL. Furthermore, the swelling ratio and weight loss rate of bionanocomposites were increased 30% and 2.5%, respectively. MTT biocompatibility assay and cell adhesion test demonstrated superior cellular behavior of the fibroblasts on nanocomposite scaffolds in comparison to pure PCL scaffold.Conclusion: The acquired results expressed that the PCL/NC bionanocomposite can be a reliable candidate for tissue engineering applications.}, keywords = {Bionanocomposite,Nanofibrillated chitosan,Polycaprolactone,Scaffold}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10443.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10443_d48b52b4f934c1de378bfb372bcce15a.pdf} } @article { author = {haghighi, mehrdad and ghorbani, hamid reza}, title = {Optimization of copper nanoparticles synthesis using E. coli and the study of its antifungal activity}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {90-95}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.005}, abstract = {Objective (s): The green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using metabolites of microorganisms has gained much interest in recent years. In this work, it was studied optimization of copper nanoparticles synthesis using E. coli and its antifungal activity.Materials and Methods: The copper nanoparticles were synthesized by Escherichia coli. Effect of copper nitrate concentration and temperature was studied on size and production efficiency. In addition, copper nanoparticles were analyzed by UV – VIS spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Finally, the antifungal properties of synthesized nanoparticles were tested against Penicillium by disc diffusion method in different concentrations of nanoparticles.Results: It was found that initial concentration of copper nitrate plays a key role in formation of nanoparticles. Also, it was indicated that in lower temperatures, the size of copper nanoparticles is smaller and their distribution is narrower. It was determined the concentration of 15% w/v of copper nanoparticles in distilled water is optimum concentration for the maximum of antifungal activity. Conclusion: The biosynthesized copper nanoparticles displayed antifungal activity against Penicillium. The experiments showed the usability of these nanoparticles in water purification, air purification and antifungal packaging.}, keywords = {Antifungal Activity,Biosynthesis,Copper Nanoparticles,Optimum}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10444.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10444_19d687500ee93b2508baaa1b46bb19bb.pdf} } @article { author = {Jarahian, Afsaneh and Fatahian, Soheil and shahanipour, kahin}, title = {Investigation the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on liver and stress oxidative parameters at the presence of magnetic field in rat}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {96-101}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.006}, abstract = {Objective(s): This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles at presence of a constant magnetic field on rat liver and some stress oxidative parameters.Materials and Methods: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method using iron chloride (III) and iron sulphate (II). The nanoparticles properties were studied by XRD and TEM. Fourty male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. First group was injected with normal saline (control). Second group was injected with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (100 mg/kg). Third group was treated under a constant magnetic field and fourth group was treated with both of Fe3O4 nanoparticles injection and constant magnetic field (all injections are intra peritoneally). Liver parameters (ALT, AST, Total protein, Bilirubin) and some stress oxidative parameters such as SOD and GPX were measured for all groups, 15 and 30 days post injection.Results: The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was determined 14 nm. The crystalline structure of the nanoparticles was spinel. Serum concentration of ALT and AST were changed in some groups compared with the control group. At the presence of constant magnetic field and iron oxide injection, the amount of total protein and bilirubin significantly increased compared with that of control group. The enzyme activity of SOD and GPX haven’t changed compared to the control group.Conclusion: The results of this investigation show that this concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles (100 mg/kg) have not irreversible toxic effects at the level of liver parameters. Also, they have not any serious effects on the SOD and GPX enzyme activity even at presence of a constant magnetic field. }, keywords = {Fe3O4,Liver parameters,Stress oxidative}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10445.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10445_2145ce63541b932e183af47c8d12052b.pdf} } @article { author = {Kachoei, mojgan and divband, baharak and Dabaghi Tabriz, fatemeh and Norouzzadeh Helali, Zahra and Esmailzadeh, Mahdieh}, title = {A comparative study of antibacterial effects of mouthwashes containing Ag/ZnO or ZnO nanoparticles with chlorhexidine and investigation of their cytotoxicity}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {102-110}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.007}, abstract = {Objective(s): Chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash is commonly used in orthodontic patients for plaque control. But it has some side effects. Metal oxide nanoparticles have been recently used in mouthwashes in reports. So we aimed to evaluate antibacterial effect of ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans and compare them with chlorhexidine 0.2%, sodium fluoride 0.05% and some of their compositions. Materials and Methods: ZnO and Ag/ZnO NPs were synthesized and sixteen groups of mouthwashes were prepared. We used Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) test to evaluation of antibacterial effects of as-prepared mouthwashes, against S. mutans. The cytotoxicity of the ZnO and Ag/ZnO NPs were investigated in the A549 cell line.Results: Among the study groups, the maximum ZOI (16.60±0.49 mm) pertained to Ag/ZnO, 10 mg NPs plus 100 ml base material, (Ag/ZnO b 10). The results indicate that no significant harmful effect is imposed to the cells up to 0.2 mg/ml of ZnO and Ag/ZnO NPs.Conclusion: Results showed that mouthwash containing Ag/ZnO b 10 has the highest antibacterial properties against S .mutans amoung study groups and because in this concentration it is safe for cells, so it can be served as an alternative mouthwash in plaque control instead of chlorhexidine 0.2% after in vivo studies.}, keywords = {Ag/ZnO nanoparticle,Antibacterial,MTT Assay,Mouthwash,ZnO nanoparticle}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10447.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10447_306cd446256ed4d090ad72efd7203d8a.pdf} } @article { author = {Zabihzadeh, Mansour and Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba and Bayati, Vahid and Teimoori, Ali and Ramezani, Zahra and Assarehzadehgan, Mohamad-Ali and Pishghadam, Morteza}, title = {Enhancement of radio-sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by gold nanoparticles at 18 MV energy}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {111-120}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2018.005.008}, abstract = {Objective(s): Taking advantage of high atomic number of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiation dose absorbing, many in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out on using them as radio-sensitizer. In spite of noticeable dose enhancement by GNPs at keV energies, using this energy range for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors is outdated. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of GNPs on radio-sensitivity of HT-29 cells in combination with 18 MV X-rays.Materials and Methods: GNPs were synthesized using a seed-growth method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for size and morphology. Cytotoxicity effect of the GNPs as well as amount of uptake into the HT-29 cell line was assessed. Irradiation was done by 18 MV photons. Immuno-fluorescent imaging of γ-H2AX foci and clonogenic assay were conducted to find out the effect of the GNPs on radio-sensitivity of the cells.Results: The size of GNPs was about 24 nm with a spherical-like shape. Treatment of the cells with the GNPs induced insignificant inhibition in cell growth. Cellular uptake reaches a maximum after 12 h incubation with GNPs. Stained γ-H2AX foci showed a significant difference in number and intensity for GNPs treated cells compared to only irradiated one. Moreover, colony formation assay proved an impressive decrease in the number of colonies for the irradiated+GNPs group rather than the other one. By fitting the survival fraction data on the linear-quadratic model, sensitization enhancement factor (SER) of 1.25 was achieved.Conclusion: Although theoretical studies predicted negligible radio-enhancement factor for GNPs at high megavoltage energies, present results show the potential of GNPs for possible gold nanoparticle-aided radiation therapy (GNRT) even for high MV photons.}, keywords = {Colon cancer,Gamma-H2AX,Gold Nanoparticles,Megavoltage X-ray,Radiosensitizer}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10448.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_10448_de9ee8027dbeaa7bcabbce724e4a40d8.pdf} }