@article { author = {Babaei, Mohammad and Ganjalikhani, Maryam}, title = {A systematic review of gold nanoparticles as novel cancer therapeutics}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {211-219}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.001}, abstract = {Objective(s):The current systematic study has reviewed the therapeutic potential of gold nanoparticles as nano radiosensitizers for cancer radiation therapy.   Materials and Methods: This study was done to review nano radiosensitizers. PubMed, Ovid Medline, Science Direct, SCOPUS, ISI web of knowledge, Springer databases were searched from 2000 to September 2013 to identify appropriate studies. Any study that assessed nanoparticles, candidate of radio enhancement at radiotherapy on animals or cell lines was included by two independent reviewers.  Results: Gold nanoparticles can enhance radiosenstivity of tumor cells. This effect is shown in vivo and in vitro, at kilovoltage or megavoltage energies, in 15 reviewed studies. Emphasis of studies was on gold nanoparticles. Radiosensitization of nanoparticles depend on nanoparticles’ size, type, concentration, intracellular localization, used irradiation energy and tested cell line.    Conclusion:  Study outcomes have showed that gold nanoparticles have been beneficial at cancer radiation therapy.}, keywords = {Keywords: Gold nanoparticles,Radio sensitizer,Radiation Therapy,Systematic review}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2711.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2711_3d3e4e71bd4e08ab77f1df0fbbddfb08.pdf} } @article { author = {Tafaghodi, Mohsen and Kersten, Gideon and Jiskoot, Wim}, title = {Original Research Nano-adjuvanted polio vaccine: Preparation and characterization of chitosan and trimethylchitosan (TMC) nanoparticles loaded with inactivated polio virus and coated with sodium alginate}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {220-228}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.002}, abstract = {Objective(s):  It is proposed that particulate antigens could better interact with the antigen presenting cells (APCs). A fast, simple and scalable process for preparation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) is coating of charged antigenic particles, like viruses, with oppositely charged polymers. A second coating with a charged polymer could increase the stability and modify the immunomodulatory potentials of NPs.  Materials and Methods:  Negatively charged inactivated polio virus (IPV) was coated with cationic polymers, chitosan (CHT) and trimethylchitosan (TMC) by a simple incubation method. CHT: IPV and TMC: IPV NPs were coated by anionic polymer, sodium alginate (ALG). Physical characteristics and stability of NPs were studied. Cytocompatibility of NPs was checked with MTT assay. DC maturation study was used for evaluation of the NPs potential in interaction with DCs.  Results:  Among the various polymer to antigen ratios tested, the least size and PDI and the highest ZP was seen in TMC: IPV (2:1), CHT: IPV (2:1), ALG: TMC: IPV (2:2:1) and ALG: CHT: IPV (4:2:1). The physical stability of TMC: IPV and CHT: IPV was preserved until 15 days. After an early de-association of some part of coated alginate, ALG: CHT: IPV and ALG: TMC: IPC NPs were stable until the end of study (25th day). No one of the NPs formulations had a negative effect on cell viability. Compared with plain IPV, nanoparticulate IPV formulations failed to increase the expression of CD40 and CD86 markers of DCs.  Conclusion:   NPs prepared with simple and scalable method, had reasonable physical characteristics, stability and cytocompatibility and could be tested in vivo for their immunoadjuvant potential.}, keywords = {Alginate,Chitosan,Inactivated Polio Virus,Nanoparticles,Trimethylchitosan (TMC)}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2712.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2712_e760dabdc80f7233836a8ae9885ab24a.pdf} } @article { author = {Biglari, Sara and Shahidi, Gholam Hosein and Sharifi, Gholam Reza}, title = {Production of gold nanoparticles by Streptomyces djakartensis isolate B-5}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {229-237}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.003}, abstract = {Objective(s):  Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (NGPs) is environmentally safer than chemical and physical procedures. This method requires no use of toxic solvents and synthesis of dangerous products and is environmentally safe. In this study, we report the biosynthesis of NGPs using Streptomyces djakartensis isolate B-5.   Materials and Methods: NGPs were biosynthesized by reducing aqueous gold chloride solution via a Streptomyces isolate without the need for any additive for protecting nanoparticles from aggregation. We characterized the responsible Streptomycete; its genome DNA was isolated, purified and 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR. The amplified isolate was sequenced; using the BLAST search tool from NCBI, the microorganism was identified to species level.   Results: Treating chloroauric acid solutions with this bacterium resulted in reduction of gold ions and formation of stable NGPs. TEM and SEM electro micrographs of NGPs indicated size range from 2- 25 nm with average of 9.09 nm produced intracellular by the bacterium. SEM electro micrographs revealed morphology of spores and mycelia. The amplified PCR fragment of 16S rRNA gene was cloned and sequenced from both sides; it consisted of 741 nucleotides. According to NCBI GenBank, the bacterium had 97.1% homology with Streptomyces djakartensis strain RT-49. The GenBank accession number for partial 16S rRNA gene was recorded as JX162550.   Conclusion: Optimized application of such findings may create applications of Streptomycetes for use as bio-factories in eco-friendly production of NGPs to serve in demanding industries and related biomedical areas. Research in this area should also focus on the unlocking the full mechanism of NGPs biosynthesis by Streptomycetes. }, keywords = {Bio-factory,Green synthesis,Nanogold,Biosynthesis,rRNA,Streptomyces}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2713.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2713_c0ef28ea703e03a4ad64e27cc7c18ea4.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezay Marand, Zahra and Helmi Rashid Farimani, Mitra and Shahtahmasebi, Nasser}, title = {Study of magnetic and structural and optical properties of Zn doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method for biomedical application}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {238-247}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.004}, abstract = {Objective(s): This paper describes synthesizing of magnetic nanocomposite with co-precipitation method.   Materials and Methods: Magnetic ZnxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles with 0-14% zinc doping (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.125) were successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method. The prepared zinc-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy.   Results: results obtained from X-ray diffraction pattern have revealed the formation of single phase nanoparticles with cubic inverse spinal structures which size varies from 11.13 to 12.81 nm. The prepared nanoparticles have also possessed superparamagnetic properties at room temperature and high level of saturation magnetization with the maximum level of 74.60 emu/g for x=0.075. Ms changing in pure magnetite nanoparticles after impurities addition were explained based on two factors of “particles size” and “exchange interactions”. Optical studies results revealed that band gaps in all Zn-doped NPs are higher than pure Fe3O4. As doping percent increases, band gap value decreases from 1.26 eV to 0.43 eV.   Conclusion: These magnetic nanocomposite structures since having superparamagnetic property offer a high potential for biosensing and biomedical application.}, keywords = {Biomedical application,Fe3O4 nanoparticles,Saturation magnetization,Superparamagnetism,Zn-doping}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2748.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2748_2fb351fab9718b55eed7dfc2b3d06f10.pdf} } @article { author = {Doudi, Monir and Setorki, Mahbubeh}, title = {The acute liver injury in rat caused by gold nanoparticles}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {248-257}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.005}, abstract = {Objective(s):   Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) command a great deal of attention for biomedical applications nowadays. The data about the degree of toxicity and the accumulation of gold nanoparticles in-vivo is not enough to judge.  Materials and Methods:  A total of 32 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 including: three GNP-treated and one control group. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received 0.5 cc of a solution containing 5, 10, and 100 ppm Au daily via intraperitoneal (IP) injection for 7 days, respectively. The control group was treated with 0.5 cc normal saline with same procedure. Then, several biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetat transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyrvate transaminase (SGPT) were evaluated at 2, 7 and 14 days after the last injection. After 14 days, all the rats were sacrificed and liver, lung tissues were separated and evaluated.  Results:   SGOT two days after intervention was significantly greater in the group 2 than the control group. In liver histological assessment, in group 1, basophils were observed around the central veins, in group 2 fading and no observation of central veins was seen, and in group 3 hepatic damage was noticed. The lung histological results showed severe vascular hyperemia in group 1, air sacs damage in group 2, and complete air sacs destruction in group 3.  Conclusion:  The results showed extreme changes in the histopathology of lung and liver tissues caused by spherical nanogold with 5-10 nm size in all of three treatment groups.}, keywords = {Fibrous,Gold Nanoparticle,Hypertrophy}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2749.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2749_e45faeaaf0c14679e351f5fdb5538bcf.pdf} } @article { author = {Valipoor, Akram and Parivar, Kazem and Modaresi, Mehrdad and Messripour, Manoochehr}, title = {In vivo effects of quantum dot on organs development before maturity}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {258-266}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.006}, abstract = {Objective(s):  The field of nanotechnology is rapidly expanding .The development quantum dots quantum dot (QDs), show great promise for treatment and diagnosis of cancer and targeted drug delivery little data on the toxicity of QDs, especially for in vivo applications, are available. As a result, concerns exist over their toxicity for in vivo applications. Then, cytotoxic effects of cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots on organs development before maturity were studied in this study.  Materials and Methods:  One month old male Mice treated by injection of CdSe at the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg. Structural and optical properties of quantum dots were studied by XRD, UV-Vis absorption spectrum and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and the number of cells in seminiferous tubes of various groups were analyzed using SPSS 16 program (one way ANOVA test).  Results:   Histological studies of testis tissue showed high toxicity of cdse in the dose of 40 mg/kg which followed by decrease in lamina propria thickness, destruction in interstitial tissue, deformation of seminiferoustubes, and reduction in number cells. Also histological study of lung tissue showed in 20 and 40 mg/kg doses destruction in interstitial and epithelium tissues.  Conclusion:  On the whole, this study showed high toxicity of cdse on development of testis and lung tissues, even in low doses considering lack of literature review in this field, this study can be an introduction to researches about toxicity effect of quantum dots on development of organs.}, keywords = {Cytotoxicity,In vivo,Organs development,Quantum dots}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2750.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2750_913afe0638cbe9ef96609fedbfcfde47.pdf} } @article { author = {Moazeni, Maryam and Shahverdi, Ahmad Reza and Nabili, Mojtaba and Noorbakhsh, Fatemeh and Rezaie, Sassan}, title = {Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: The reasons for and against Aspergillus parasiticus}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {267-275}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.007}, abstract = {Objective(s): The enzymatic activity of fungi has recently inspired the scientists with re-explore the fungi as potential biofactories rather than the causing agents of humans and plants infections. In very recent years, fungi are considered as worthy, applicable and available candidates for synthesis of smaller gold, silver and other nano-sized particles.  Materials and Methods: A standard strain of Aspergillus parasiticus was grown on a liquid medium containing mineral salt. The cell-free filtrate of the culture was then obtained and subjected to synthesize SNPs while expose with 1mM of AgNO3. Further characterization of  synthesized SNPs was performed afterward. In addition, antifungal activity of synthesized SNPs was evaluated against a standard strain of Candida albicans. The reduction of Ag+ ions to metal nanoparticles was investigated virtually by tracing the color of the solution which turned into reddish-brown after 72h.   Results: The UV-vis spectra demonstrated a broad peak centering at 400nm which corresponds to the particle size much less than 70nm. The results of TEM demonstrated that the particles were formed fairly uniform, spherical, and small in size with almost 90% in 5-30nm range. The zeta potential of silver nanoparticles was negative and equal to -15.0 which meets the quality and suggested that there was not much aggression. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by A. parasiticus showed antifungal activity against yeast strain tested and exhibited MIC value of 4 μg/mL.  Conclusion: The filamentous fungus, A. parasiticus has successfully demonstrated potential for extra cellular synthesis of fairly monodispersed, tiny silver nanoparticles.}, keywords = {Aspergillus parasiticus,Biosynthesise,Extracellular,Silver nanoparticles}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2751.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2751_0c631d881eb6350042457b1449c7e5a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Khanafari, Anita and Akbari, Tayebeh and Sohrabi, Mahmoud Reza}, title = {Comparison of nano-hydroxyapatite productivity by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescense through encapsulation method}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {276-284}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.008}, abstract = {Objective(s):   The production of nano-hydroxyapatite by two encapsulated bacterial strains was the goal of current research.  Materials and Methods:   Serratia marcscens ATCC 14756 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC 1570 were used by two methods including encapsulated form in 2% (w/v) alginate sodium powder and inoculated form (10%) in nutrient broth medium containing alginate sodium blank beads. In both cases alginate beads transferred to calcium and phosphorus precursors mineral medium for 48 h and were incubated at 32-35 °C for 14 days. To obtain hydroxyapatite powder, alginate beads were dried at 60 °C and rubbed. Sol-gel as chemical method was used for comparing with microbial analysis. The nature of produced powders was evaluated in each step by XRD, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy.  Results:   The results showed that the yield rate of sol-gel method was 18.3% and it was much more than encapsulated method (3.032 and 3.203 w/w dried alginate bead). The size of the particles in microbial method were smaller (8-68 nm cylindrical particles and 12-55 and 15-37 nm spherical particles) than chemical method (350-880 nm of cylindrical and 34-67 nm of spherical particles).  Conclusion:   Nanoparticle sizes and distribution of microbial nano-hydroxyapatite powder samples shows that it has excellent physical properties similar to natural bone and may be to produce dense and porous bioactive bone implants with desired properties.}, keywords = {Alginate beads,Hydroxylapatite,Nanoscale,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Serratia marcescens}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2752.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2752_db2f6aa64b8c2d6d7fc3dc8a465224b8.pdf} } @article { author = {Yarmohammadi, Parisa and Arabi, Mehran and Yarmohammadi, Parastoo}, title = {Subacute dermal toxicity investigation of nanosilver on serum chemical biomarkers in male mice}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {285-291}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2015.04.009}, abstract = {Objective(s): Nanosilver is one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to its strong antimicrobial activity. Thus, because of increasing potential for exposure of human to nanosilver, there is an increasing concern about possible side effects of these nanoparticles. In this study, we tested the potential dermal toxicity of nanosilver bandage on serum chemical biomarkers in mice.  Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into the treatment and control groups (n=10). After general anesthesia and shaving the back of all animals in near the vertebral column, in the nanosilver group, a volume of 50μl of 10 μg/ml of nanosilver solution (40 nm), and in the control group the same amount of distilled water was added to the sterile bandage of mice, then the bandages were fixed on the skin surface with cloth glue. After 3 and 7 days, the bandages were opened and serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured by using standard kits for two groups of mice.     Results: In treatment group, a significant increase in ALT, AST and BUN levels were observed compared with control group during experiment periods (p<0.05), but there wasn’t a significant increase in Cr level in treatment group during experiment periods (p>0.05).     Conclusion: The present results indicated that the dermal absorption of 10 μg/ml nanosilver (40 nm) can lead to hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity in mice.}, keywords = {Dermal toxicity,Hepatic biomarkers,Nanosilver,Renal function parameters}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2753.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_2753_e5324b0f8727582395c1f166bd86d1cd.pdf} }