@article { author = {Saliani, M. and Jalal, R. and Goharshadi, E. K.}, title = {Mechanism of oxidative stress involved in the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles against eukaryotic cells}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2016.01.001}, abstract = {ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. Since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of ZnO NPs-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. Different structural and physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemical position, and presence of metals can lead to changes in biological activities including ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. However, there are some inconsistencies in the literature on the relation between the physicochemical features of ZnO NPs and their plausible oxidative stress mechanism. Herein, the possible oxidative stress mechanism of ZnO NPs was reviewed. This is worthy of further detailed evaluations in order to improve our understanding of vital NPs characteristics governing their toxicity. Therefore, this study focuses on the different reported oxidative stress paradigms induced by ZnO NPs including ROS generated by NPs, oxidative stress due to the NPs-cell interaction, and role of the particle dissolution in the oxidative damage. Also, this study tries to characterize and understand the multiple pathways involved in oxidative stress induced by ZnO NPs. Knowledge about different cellular signaling cascades stimulated by ZnO NPs lead to the better interpretation of the toxic influences induced by the cellular and acellular parameters. Regarding the potential benefits of toxic effects of ZnO NPs, in-depth evaluation of their toxicity mechanism and various effects of these nanoparticles would facilitate their implementation for biomedical applications.}, keywords = {Cellular responses,Cytotoxicity,Oxidative stress,ROS generation,ZnO NPs}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6191.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6191_0759c19b7600a9638287efcae745c3b5.pdf} } @article { author = {Khanra, K. and Panja, S. and Choudhuri, I. and Chakraborty, A. and Bhattacharyya, N.}, title = {Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect of silver nanoparticle synthesized by Croton bonplandianum Baill. leaves}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {15-22}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2016.01.002}, abstract = {Objective(s): For the development of reliable, ecofriendly, less expensive process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and to evaluate the bactericidal, and cytotoxicity properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from root extract of Croton bonplandianum, Baill. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by plant part of Croton bonplandianum was carried out.  The formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), XRD and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis.  The biochemical properties were assayed by antibacterial study, cytotoxicity assay using cancer cell line.  Results: The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopic analysis which showed absorbance peak at 425 nm.  X-ray diffraction photograph indicated the face centered cubic structure of the synthesized AgNPs.  TEM has displayed the different dimensional images of biogenic silver nanoparticles with particle size distribution ranging from 15-40 nm with an average size of 32 nm. Silver particles are spherical in shape, clustered.  The EDX analysis was used to identify the elemental composition of synthesized AgNPs. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs against three Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carried out showed significant zones of inhibition. The cytotoxicity study by AgNPS also showed cytotoxicity on ovarian cancer cell line PA-1 and lung epithelial cancer cell line A549.  Conclusion: The present study confirms that the AgNPs have great promise as antibacterial, and anticancer agent.}, keywords = {Antibacterial activity,Croton bonplandianum,Cytotoxicity,Silver nitrate,Silver nanoparticles}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6192.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6192_30071758514775ddd71e3b7e2e888c67.pdf} } @article { author = {Langroodi, F. A and Hafezi Ghahestani, Z. and Alibolandi, M. and Ebrahimian, M. and Hashemi, M.}, title = {Evaluation of the effect of crocetin on antitumor activity of doxorubicin encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {23-34}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.22038/nmj.2016.6193}, abstract = {Objective(s): The current study reports investigation of codelivery by PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with crocetin (Cro), a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid that is found in the crocus flower, and Doxorubicin (DOX). Materials and Methods: Double emulsion/solvent evaporation method was used for preparation of PLGA nanoparticles containing Dox and Cro. Characterizations of prepared NPs were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro Cytotoxicity of DOX and Cro loaded PLGA NPs (PLGA-DOX-Cro) on MCF-7 cell line was evaluated using MTT test. Flow cytometry experiments were implemented to distinguish cells undergoing apoptosis from those undergoing necrosis. Furthermore the expression of caspase 3 was examined by western blot analysis. Results: The prepared formulations had size of 150- 300 nm. Furthermore, PLGA-DOX-Cro nanoparticles inhibited MCF-7 tumor cells growth more efficiently than either DOX or Cro alone at the same concentrations, as quantified by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Studies on cellular uptake of DOX-Cro-NPs demonstrated that NPs were effectively taken up by MCF-7 tumor cells. Conclusion: This study suggested that DOX-Cro-NPs may have promising applications in breast cancer therapy.}, keywords = {Breast cancer, Chemotherapy, Crocetin,Doxorubicin, PLGA}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6193.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6193_516513fe358ab5ce3350a76294f99d38.pdf} } @article { author = {Kouchakzadeh, H. and Hoseini Makarem, S. and Shojaosadati, S. A.}, title = {Simultaneous loading of 5-florouracil and SPIONs in HSA nanoparticles: Optimization of preparation, characterization and in vitro drug release study}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2016.01.004}, abstract = {Objective(s): Over the past two decades, considerable interest has been focused on utilizing biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications. In this study, production of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles using desolvation technique that were simultaneous loaded with high amounts of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and 5-flourouracil (5-FU) was investigated. Materials and Methods: 5-FU loading (%) and SPIONs entrapment efficiency (%) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The design expert software used to analyse the interactive effects of pH, 5-FU and SPIONs concentrations. Results:The optimum conditions found to be pH of 8.2, drug concentration of 1.5 mg/ml and SPIONs concentration of 2.79 mg/ml. Under the mentioned optimum conditions, particles with the size of 111.8 nm, zeta potential of -37.1 mV, 5-FU loading of 15.8% and SPIONs entrapment efficiency of 41.1% were obtained. In vitro cumulative release of 5-FU from the nanoparticles was evaluated in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Results indicated that 85% of the 5-FU released during 95 h, which revealed a sustained release profile. In addition, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analyses confirmed the superparamagnetic properties of magnetic albumin nanoparticles manufactured under the optimum conditions. Conclusion: According to the findings,SPIONs and 5-FU loaded HAS  nanoparticles arepromising for use as  novel targeted delivery system due to proper magnetic and drug release behaviours.}, keywords = {5-Flourouracil,HSA nanoparticle,In-vitro drug release,Magnetic nanoparticle,Response surface methodology}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6194.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6194_88512a72969c60dc6f159219c6644e02.pdf} } @article { author = {Akhgari, A. and Hossein Rotubati, M.}, title = {Preparation and evaluation of electrospun nanofibers containing pectin and time-dependent polymers aimed for colonic drug delivery of celecoxib}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {43-48}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2016.01.005}, abstract = {Objective(s):The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib using combination of time-dependent polymers with pectin to achieve a colon-specific drug delivery system for celecoxib. Materials and Methods:Formulations were produced based on two multilevel 22 full factorial designs. The independent variables were the ratio of drug:time-dependent polymer (X1) and the amount of pec‌tin in formulations (X2). Electrospinning process was used for preparation of nanofibers. The spinning solutions were loaded in 5 mL syringes. The feeding rate was fixed by a syringe pump at 2.0 mL/h and a high voltage supply at range 10-18 kV was applied for electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers were collected and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and drug release in the acid and buffer with pH 6.8 with and without pectinase. Results:Electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib with appropriate morphological properties were produced via electrospinning process. Drug release from electrospun nanofibers was very low in the acidic media; while, drug release in the simulated colonic media was the highest from formulations containing pectin. Conclusion: Formulation F2 (containing drug:ERS with the ratio of 1:2 and 10% pectin) exhibited acceptable morphological characteristics and protection of drug in the upper GI tract and could be a good candidate as a colonic drug delivery system for celecoxib.  }, keywords = {Celecoxib,Colonic delivery,Electrospinning,Nanofiber,Pectin}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6195.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6195_86c3b8bda972fab97898885cf34fa7ae.pdf} } @article { author = {Kimiaee Sadr, M. and Mirhosseini, M. and Rahimi, Gh.}, title = {Effects of combination of magnesium and zinc oxide nanoparticles and heat on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in milk}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {49-56}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2016.01.006}, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of combination of MgO and ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of heat against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods:Bacteria were grown on either agar or broth media followed by the addition of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles. Then the combined effect of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles was investigated.  Furthermore, the media containing nanoparticles were treated with mild heat and their synergistic antibacterial activity was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus in milk. Results: The data showed that the nanoparticles used in this study had no effect on the bacteria in the agar medium. However, the results showed that ZnO and MgO nanoparticles resulted in a significant decrease in the number of E. coli (P<0.000) and S. aureus (Pd”0.05) in the broth medium. The combination of nanoparticles and mild heat exhibited a significant decrease in the number of E. coli and S. aureus indicating the synergistic effects of nanoparticles and heat. Conclusion: Using a combination of  mild heat, ZnO and MgO nanoparticles, E. coli and S. aureus can be controlled successfully in the milk. Mild heating plus ZnO and MgO nanoparticles has a synergistic effect which would reduce the need for high temperature and also the concentrations of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles required for pathogen control in minimally processed milk during maintaining.}, keywords = {Escherichia coli,Magnesium oxide,Nanoparticles,Staphylococcus aureus,Zinc Oxide}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6196.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6196_7485fa40cafe8a22860f4dbac69ba664.pdf} } @article { author = {Yousefpoor, Y. and Bolouri, B. and Bayati, M. and Shakeri, A. and Eskandari, Y.}, title = {The combined effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on wound healing in rats}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {57-64}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2016.01.007}, abstract = {Objective(s): This study was aimed at investigating the synergy effects of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles on the healing rate of the cutting wounds. Materials and Methods: In order to determine the concentration of silver nanoparticles in Aloe vera gel, the MBC methods were applied on the most common bacteria infecting wounds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cutting wounds with Full-thickness skin were dorsally created on rats; then the rats were divided into 4 groups. The treatments groups included: mixture of Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles, Aloe vera gel alone and silver nanoparticles alone in addition to control groups. The treatment was carried out for 2 weeks and the size of the wound closures were measured by an image software analysis. Results:There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in healing rate between the control and mixture group. However, there were significant differences between the silver nanoparticles and Aloe vera groups using Tukey’s analysis on the 6th, 8th and 10th days. Conclusion:The Aloe vera gel increased the rate of wound healing whereas the silver nanoparticles had a delay effect; and when they were mixed, it was similar to the average effect of both Aloe vera gel and silver nanoparticles.}, keywords = {Aloe Vera gel,Silver nanoparticle,Wound healing}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6197.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6197_86ad042f7bac74159afcb89daf4843e2.pdf} } @article { author = {Kaviani, D. and Koonani, M. and Saghi, M. and Hosein Bigtan, M.}, title = {Investigation of the effect of different parameters on the phase inversion temperature O/W nanoemulsions}, journal = {Nanomedicine Journal}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {65-68}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2322-3049}, eissn = {2322-5904}, doi = {10.7508/nmj.2016.01.008}, abstract = {Objective(s): Nanoemulsions are a kind of emulsions that can be transparent, translucent (size range 50-200 nm) or “milky” (up to 500 nm). Nanoemulsions are adequatly effective for transfer of active component through skin which facilitate the entrance of the active component . The transparent nature of the system and lack of the thickener and fluidity are among advantages of nanoemulsion. Materials and Methods: In this study, a nanoemulsion of lemon oil in water was prepared by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) emulsification method in which the tween 40 was used as surfactant. The effect of concentration of NaCl in aqueous phase, pH and weight percent of surfactant and aqueous on the PIT and droplet size were investigated. Results: The results showed that with increasing of concentration of NaCl from 0.05 M to 1 M, PIT decrease from 72 to 50. The average droplet sizes, for 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M of NaCl in 25 ºC are 497.3, 308.1 and 189.9 nm, respectively and the polydispersity indexes are 0.348, 0.334 and 0.307, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the characteristics of nanoemulsions such as being transparent, endurance of solution and droplet size can provide suitable reaction environment for polymerization process used in making hygienic and medical materials.}, keywords = {Nanoemulsion,Phase inversion temperature,Surfactant}, url = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6198.html}, eprint = {https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_6198_474bd0ed7c4b3da55ccd9e8ffe81b0bd.pdf} }