ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Functionalization of carbon nanotubes and its application in nanomedicine: A review
This review focuses on the latest developments in applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in medicine. A brief history of CNTs and a general introduction to the field are presented. Then, surface modification of CNTs that makes them ideal for use in medical applications is highlighted. Examples of common applications, including cell penetration, drug delivery, gene delivery and imaging, are given. At the same time, there are concerns about their possible adverse effects on human health, since there is evidence that exposure to CNTs induces toxic effects in experimental models. However, CNTs are not a single substance but a growing family of different materials possibly eliciting different biological responses. As a consequence, the hazards associated with the exposure of humans to the different forms of CNTs may be different. Understanding the structure–toxicity relationships would help towards the assessment of the risk related to these materials. Finally, toxicity of CNTs, are discussed. This review article overviews the most recent applications of CNTs in Nanomedicine, covering the period from 1991 to early 2015.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4955_32c4e761d77f6f69fbf28276f95b0f2c.pdf
2015-10-01
231
248
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.001
carbon nanotubes
Drug Delivery
Functionalization
Nanomedicine
Surface modification
Hamidreza
Sadegh
hamidreza.sadegh@srbiau.ac.ir
1
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ramin
Shahryari-ghoshekandi
ramin.shahryari@srbiau.ac.ir
2
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The role of surface charge of ISCOMATRIX nanoparticles on the type of immune response generated against Leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice
Objective(s): ISCOMATRIX vaccines have now been shown to induce strong antigen-specific cellular or humoral immune responses to a broad range of antigens of viral, bacterial, parasite or tumor. In the present study, we investigated the role of ISCOMATRIX charge in induction of a Th1 type of immune response and protection against Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: Positively and negatively charged ISCOMATRIX were prepared. BALB/C mice were immunized subcutaneously, three times with 2-week intervals, with different ISCOMATRIX formulations. Soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA) were mixed with ISCOMATRIX right before injection. The extent of protection and type of immune response were studied in different groups of mice.Results: The group of mice immunized with negatively charged ISCOMATRIX showed smaller footpad swelling upon challenge with L. major and the highest IgG2a production compared with positively charged one. The mice immunized with positively charged ISCOMATRIX showed the lowest splenic parasite burden compared to the other groups. Cytokine assay results indicated that the highest level of IFN- γ and IL-4 secretion was observed in the splenocytes of mice immunized with negatively charged ISCOMATRIX as compared to other groups.Conclusion: The results indicated that ISCOMATRIX formulations generate an immune response with mixed Th1/Th2 response that was not protective against challenge against L. major.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4956_7a668a0f3da8349bc9f2b72ecd1e844c.pdf
2015-10-01
249
260
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.002
ISCOMATRIX
Immune response
Leishmania major
Surface Charge
Ahmad
Mehravaran
ahmadmehravaran55@gmail.com
1
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud Reza
Jaafari
2
Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Amir
Jalali
jalalia@mums.ac.ir
3
Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Khamesipour
khamesipour_ali@yahoo.com
4
Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Tafaghodi
5
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansure
Hojatizade
hh@mums.ac.ir
6
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Badiee
badieea@mums.ac.ir
7
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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60
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparative study about toxicity of CdSe quantum dots on reproductive system development of mice and controlling this toxicity by ZnS coverage
Objective(s): Medicinal benefits of quantum dots have been proved in recent years but there is little known about their toxicity especially in vivo toxicity. In order to use quantum dots in medical applications, studies ontheir in vivo toxicity is important. Materials and Methods:CdSe:ZnS quantum dots were injected in 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses to male mice10 days later, mice were sacrificed and five micron slides were prepared structural and optical properties of quantum dots were evaluated using XRD. Results: Histological studies of testis tissue showed high toxic effect of CdSe:ZnS in 40 mg/kg group. Histological studies of epididymis did not show any effect of quantum dots in terms of morphology and tube structure. Mean concentration of LH and testosterone and testis weight showed considerable changes in mice injected with 40 mg/kg dose of CdSe:ZnS compared to control group. However, FSH and body weight did not show any difference with control group. Conclusion: Although it has been reported that CdSe is highly protected from the environment by its shell, but this study showed high toxicity for CdSe:ZnS when it is used in vivo which could be suggested that shell could contribute to increased toxicity of quantum dots. Considering lack of any previous study on this subject, our study could potentially be used as an basis for further extensive studies investigating the effects of quantum dots toxicity on development of male sexual system.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4957_8231c3ba02203dccf520db76fe7aa52f.pdf
2015-10-01
261
268
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.003
CdSe:ZnS
In vivo toxicity
Quantum dots
ZnS shell
Akram
Valipoor
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Amiri
2
Department of Physics, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Kazem
Parivar
3
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Modaresi
4
Department of Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Jafar
Taheri
5
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran .
AUTHOR
Ali
Kazemi
6
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran .
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Abasi
7
Department of Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Amine
Mirzakhani
8
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Amiri Gh. Fatahian S, Mahmoudi S , Preparation and Optical properties assessment of CdSe quantum dot, Dig Nanomater Bios. 2011; 4(2): 1161.
1
2. Bae PK , Kim KN, Lee SJ, Chang HJ, Lee CK, Park JK. The modification of quantum dot probes used for the targeted imaging of his-tagged fusion proteins. Biomaterials. 2008; 30(5): 836-842.
2
3. Chang SQ , Dai YD, Kang B, Han W, Mao L, Chen D. UV-enhanced cytotoxicity of thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots in human pancreatic carcinoma cells . Toxicol Lett. 2009; 188(2): 104-111.
3
4. Chan WC, Maxwell DJ, Gao X, Bailey RE, Han M, Nie S. Luminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2002; 13(1): 40–46.
4
5. Chan WH , Shiao NH. Cytotoxic effect of CdSe quantum dots on mouse embryonic development. Mol Sci. 2008; 29(2): 259-266.
5
6. Clift MJ , Stone V. Quantum Dots: An Insight and Perspective of Their Biological Interaction and How This Relates to Their Relevance for Clinical Use. Theranostics; 2012; 2(7): 668-680.
6
7. Coolen L, Brokmann, Hermier. JP. Chapter 24-Quantum Optics with Single CdSe/ZnS Colloidal Nanocrystals. Handbook of Self Assembled Semiconductor Nanostructures for Novel Devices in Photonics and Electronics. 2008; 708–748.
7
8. Drbohlavova J , Adam V, Kizek R, Hubalek J. Quantum Dots-Characterization: Preparation and Usage in Biological Systems. Mol Sci. 2009; 10: 656–673.
8
9. Ema M , Kobayashi N, Naya M, Hanai S, Nakanishi J. Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of manufactured nanomaterials. Reprod Toxicol. 2010; 30(3): 343–352.
9
10. Galeone A, Vecchio G, Malvindi MA, Brunetti V, Cingolani R, Pompa PP. In vivo assessment of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots: coating dependent bioaccumulation and genotoxicity. Nanoscale. 2013; 4(20): 6401-6407.
10
11. Garcia TX, Costa GM, França LR, Hofmann MC. Sub-acute intravenous administration of silver nanoparticles in male mice alters Leydig cell function and testosterone levels. Reprod Toxicol. 2014; 45: 59-70.
11
12. Guo LL, Liu XH, Qin DX, Gao L, Zhang HM, Liu JY, Cui YG. Effects of nanosized titanium dioxide on the reproductive system of male mice. Nan Ke Xue. 2009; 15(6): 517-522.
12
13. Hsieh MS, Shiao NH, Chan WH. Cytotoxic Effects of CdSe Quantum Dots on Maturation of Mouse Oocytes and Fertilization and Fetal Development. Mol Sci. 2009; 10(5): 2122 - 2135.
13
14. Jamiesona T, Bakhshia R, Petrovaa D, Pococka R and et al. Biological applications of quantum dots. Biomaterials. 2007; 28(3): 4717-4732.
14
15. Komatsu T , Tabata M, Kubo-Irie M, Shimizu T, Suzuki K, Nihei Y, Takeda K. The effects of nanoparticles on mouse testis Leydig cells in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008; 22(8): 1825-1831.
15
16. Li C , Taneda S, Taya K, Watanabe G, Li X, Fujitani Y, Nakajima T, Suzuki AK. Effects of in utero exposure to nanoparticle-rich diesel exhaust on testicular function in immature male rats. Toxicol Lett. 2009; 185(1): 1–8.
16
17. Li KG , Chen JT, Bai SS, Wen X, Song SY, Yu Q, Li J, Wang YQ. Intracellular oxidative stress and cadmium ions release induce cytotoxicity of unmodified cadmium sulfide quantum dots . Toxicol In Vitro.2009; 23(6): 1007-1013.
17
18. Mathias FT , Romano RM, Kizys MM, Kasamatsu T, Giannocco G, Chiamolera MI, Dias-da-Silva MR, Romano MA. Daily exposure to silver nanoparticles during prepubertal development decreases adult sperm and reproductive parameters. Nanotoxicology. 2014; 9(1): 64-70.
18
19. Muller L, Gasser M, Raemy DO, Herzog F, Brandenberger C, Schmid O, Gehr P, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Clift MJD. Realistic exposure methods for investigating the interaction of nanoparticles with the lung at the air-liquid interface in vitro. Theranostics. 2011; 1(1): 30-64.
19
20. Ono N, Oshio S, Niwata Y, Yoshida S, Tsukue N, Sugawara I, Takano H, Takeda K. Prenatal exposure to diesel exhaust impairs mouse spermatogenesis. Inhal Toxicol. 2007; 19: 275-281.
20
21. Pan Z, Mora-Sero I, Shen Q, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhao K, Wang J, Zhong X, Bisquert J. High Efficiency "Green" Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Am Chem Soc. 136(25):9203-10.
21
22. Pinaud F , Michalet X, Bentolila LA, Tsay JM, Doose S, Li JJ, Iyer G, Weiss S. Advances in fluorescence imaging with quantum dot bio-probes. Biomaterials. 2006; 27(9): 1679-1687.
22
23. Roberts JR, Antonini JM, Porter DW, Chapman RS, Scabilloni JF, Young SH, Schwegler-Berry D, Castranova V, Mercer RR. Lung toxicity and biodistribution of Cd/Se-ZnS quantum dots with different surface functional groups after pulmonary exposure in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2013; 10.
23
24. Rzigalinski BA, Strobl JS. Cadmium-containing nanoparticles: Perspectives on pharmacology and toxicology of quantum dots. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009; 238(3): 280-288.
24
25. Smith AM , Duan H, Mohs AM, Nie S. Bioconjugated quantum dots for in vivo molecular and cellular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008; 60(11): 1226-1240.
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26. Shimizu M, Tainaka H, Oba T, Mizuo K, Umezawa M, Takeda K. Maternal exposure to nanoparticle titanium dioxide during the prenatal period alters gene expression related to brain development in the mouse. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2009; 6(20): 1-25.
26
27. Sleiman HK, Romano RM, Oliveira CA, Romano MA. Effects of prepubertal exposure to silver nanoparticles on reproductive parameters in adult male Wistar rats. Toxicol Environ Health A. 2013; 76(17):1023-32.
27
28. Soenen SJ, Manshian B, Aubert T, Himmelreich U, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Hens Z, Braeckmans K. Cytotoxicity of cadmium-free quantum dots and their use for cell bioimaging. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014; 27(6):1050-9.
28
29. Su Y, He Y, Lu H, Sai L, Li Q, Li W, Wang L, Shen P, Huang Q, Fan C. The cytotoxicity of cadmium based, aqueous phase-Synthesized quantum dots and its modulation by surface coating. Biomaterials. 2009; 30(1): 19–25.
29
30. Takeda K, Suzuki K, Ishihara A, Kubo-Irie M, Fujimoto R, Tabata M, et al. Nanoparticles transferred from pregnant mice to their offspring can damage the genital and cranial nerve system. Health Sci. 2009; 55(1): 95-102.
30
31. Wiwantitkit V, Sereemaspum A, Rojanathanes R. Effect of gold nanoparticles on spermatozoa: the first world report. Fertil Steril. 2009; 91(1): 7-8.
31
32. Yoshida S1, Hiyoshi K, Oshio S, Takano H, Takeda K, Ichinose T. Effects of fetal exposure to carbon nanoparticles on reproductive function in offspring . Fertil Steril. 2010, 93(5): 1695-1699.
32
33. Yoshida S , Hiyoshi K, Ichinose T, Takano H, Oshio S, Sugawara I, Takeda K, Shibamoto T. Effect of nanoparticles on the male reproductive system of mice. Androl. 2008; 32(4): 337-342.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of graphene oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the enrichment and determination of rutin
Objective(s): In our study, graphene oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite (GO/TiO2) was prepared and used for the enrichment of rutin from real samples for the first time. Materials and Methods: The synthesized GO/TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and FT-IR spectra. The enrichment process is fast and highly efficient. The factors including contact time, pH, and amount of GO/TiO2 affecting the adsorption process were studied. Results: The maximum adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin was calculated to be 59.5 mg/g according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The method yielded a linear calibration curve in the concentration ranges from 15 to 200 μg/L for the rutin with regression coefficients (r2) of 0.9990. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) were found to be 8 μg/Land 28 μg/L, respectively. Both the intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSDs) were < 10% . Conclusion: The developed approach offered wide linear range, and good reproducibility. Owing to the diverse structures and unique characteristic, GO/TiO2 possesses great potential in the enrichment and analysis of trace rutin in real aqueous samples.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4958_f28032900edb26b9247bfb68c3261d8c.pdf
2015-10-01
269
272
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.004
Enrichment
GO-TiO2
Nanocomposite
Rutin
Mohammad Reza
Gaeeni
1
Laser and Optics Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, North Karegar, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marzieh
Tohidian
mtohidian83@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pour-Sina Ave, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Morteza
Sasani Ghamsari
msghamsari@yahoo.com
3
Laser and Optics Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, North Karegar,
Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hossein
Majles Ara
4
Photonic Laboratory, Physics Department, Kharazmi University,Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Wojdyło A, Oszmiański J, Czemerys R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem. 2007; 105(3): 940-9.
1
Seifried HE, Anderson DE, Fisher EI, Milner JA. A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species. The J Nutr Biochem. 2007; 18(9): 567-79.
2
Luo H, Jiang B-H, King SM, Chen YC. Inhibition of cell growth and VEGF expression in ovarian cancer cells by flavonoids. Nutrition and cancer. 2008; 60(6): 800-9.
3
He J-B, Wang Y, Deng N, Zha Z-G, Lin X-Q. Cyclic voltammograms obtained from the optical signals: Study of the successive electro-oxidations of rutin. Electrochim Acta. 2007; 52(24): 6665-72.
4
Chen G, Zhang H, Ye J. Determination of rutin and quercetin in plants by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta. 2000; 423(1): 69-76.
5
Xu J, Zhang H, Chen G. Carbon nanotube/polystyrene composite electrode for microchip electrophoretic determination of rutin and quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus. Talanta. 2007; 73(5): 932-7.
6
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Ramanathan R, Das N, Tan C. Inhibitory effects of 2-hydroxy chalcone and other flavonoids on human cancer cell-proliferation. Int J Oncol. 1993; 3(1): 115-9.
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Erlund I, Kosonen T, Alfthan G, Mäenpää J, Perttunen K, Kenraali J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of quercetin from quercetin aglycone and rutin in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000; 56(8) :545-53.
9
Liu K, Wei J, Wang C. Sensitive detection of rutin based on β-cyclodextrin@ chemically reduced graphene/Nafion composite film. Electrochim Acta. 2011; 56(14): 5189-94.
10
Balandin AA, Ghosh S, Bao W, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Miao F, et al. Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Nano Lett. 2008; 8(3): 902-7.
11
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12
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13
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14
Qi X, Pu KY, Li H, Zhou X, Wu S, Fan QL, Liu B, Boey F, Huang W, Zhang H. Amphiphilic graphene composites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010; 49(49): 9426-9.
15
Cong HP, He JJ, Lu Y, Yu SH. Water‐Soluble Magnetic‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets: In situ Synthesis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications. Small. 2010; 6(2): 169-73.
16
Barroso-Bujans F, Cerveny S, Verdejo R, del Val J, Alberdi J, Alegría A, et al. Permanent adsorption of organic solvents in graphite oxide and its effect on the thermal exfoliation. Carbon. 2010; 48(4): 1079-87.
17
Gaeeni MR, Tohidian M, Majles-Ara M. Green Synthesis of CdSe Colloidal Nanocrystals with Strong Green Emission by the Sol–Gel Method. I and EC Research. 2014; 53(18): 7598-603.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dose-dependent hepatotoxicity effects of Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Objective(s): Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) are increasingly used in sunscreens, biosensors, food additives and pigments. In this study the effects of ZNP on liver of rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: Experimental groups received 5, 50 and 300 mg/kg ZNP respectively for 14 days. Control group received only distilled water. ALT, AST and ALP were considered as biomarkers to indicate hepatotoxicity. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), SOD and GPx were detected for assessment of oxidative stress in liver tissue. Histological studies and TUNEL assay were also done. Results: Plasma concentration of zinc (Zn) was significantly increased in 5 mg/kg ZNP-treated rats. Liver concentration of Zn was significantly increased in the 300 mg/kg ZNP-treated animals. Weight of liver was markedly increased in both 5 and 300 mg/kg doses of ZNP. ZNP at the doses of 5 mg/kg induced a significant increase in oxidative stress through the increase in MDA content and a significant decrease in SOD and GPx enzymes activity in the liver tissue. Administration of ZNP at 5 mg/kg induced a significant elevation in plasma AST, ALT and ALP. Histological studies showed that treatment with 5 mg/kg of ZNP caused hepatocytes swelling, which was accompanied by congestion of RBC and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Apoptotic index was also significantly increased in this group. ZNP at the dose of 300 mg/kg had poor hepatotoxicity effect. Conclusion: It is concluded that lower doses of ZNP has more hepatotoxic effects on rats, and recommended to use it with caution if there is a hepatological problem.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4959_14e11d95f10db1d512d0302330c633c0.pdf
2015-10-01
273
282
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.005
Apoptosis
Nanomaterials
Oxidative stress
Esrafil
Mansouri
1
Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Layasadat
Khorsandi
2
Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Orazizadeh
3
Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Jozi
4
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Adams LK, Lyon DY, Alvarez PJJ. Comparative eco-toxicity of nanoscale TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO water suspensions. Water Res. 2006; 40 (19): 3527-3532.
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2. Mody VV, Siwale R, Singh A, Mody HR. Introduction to metallic nanoparticles. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010; 2(4): 282-289.
2
3. Warheit DB. Nanoparticles: Health impacts? Materials Today 2004; 7(2): 32-35.
3
4. Fubini B, Ghiazza M, Fenoglio I. Physico-chemical features of engineered nanoparticles relevant to their toxicity. Nanotoxicol. 2010; 4: 347-363.
4
5. Borm PJ, Kreyling W. Toxicological hazards of inhaled nanoparticles potential implications for drug delivery. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2004; 4(5): 521-531.
5
6. Chen Y, Xue Z, Zheng D, Xia K, Zhao Y, Liu T, et al. Sodium chloride modified silica nanoparticles as a non-viral vector with a high efficiency of DNA transfer into cells. Curr Gene Ther. 2003; 3(3): 273-279.
6
7. Burnett ME, Wang SQ. Current sunscreen controversies: a critical review. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011; 27(2): 58-67.
7
8. Nohynek GJ, Lademann J, Ribaud C, Roberts MS. Grey goo on the skin? Nanotechnology, cosmetic and sunscreen safety. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007; 37(3): 251-277.
8
9. Oberdörster G, Maynard A, Donaldson K, Castranova V, Fitzpatrick J, Ausman K, et al. Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2005; 2(8): 1-35.
9
10. Zvyagin AV, Zhao X, Gierden A, Sanchez W, Ross JA, Roberts MS. Imaging of zinc oxide nanoparticle penetration in human skin in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Opt. 2008; 13(6): 064031.
10
11. Filipe P, Silva JN, Silva R, Cirne de Castro JL, Marques Gomes M, Alves LC, et al. Stratum corneum is an effective barrier to TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle percutaneous absorption. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010; 22(5): 266-275.
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12. John S, Marpu S, Li J, Omary M, Hu Z, Fujita Y, et al. Hybrid zinc oxide nanoparticles for biophotonics. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010; 10(3):1707-12.
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13. Tankhiwale R, Bajpai SK. Preparation, characterization and antibacterial applications of ZnO-nanoparticles coated polyethylene films for food packaging. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2012; 90: 16-20.
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15. Ates M, Arslan Z, Demir V, Daniels J, Farah IO. Accumulation and toxicity of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles through waterborne and dietary exposure of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Environ Toxicol. 2015;30(1):119-28
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19. Cho WS, Kang BC, Lee JK, Jeong J, Che JH, Seok SH. Comparative absorption, distribution, and excretion of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles after repeated oral administration. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2013; 10:9
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20. De Louise LA. Applications of nanotechnology in dermatology. J Invest Dermatol. 2012; 132 (3): 964-975.
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21. Meyer K, Rajanahalli P, Ahamed M, Rowe JJ, Hong Y. ZnO nanoparticles induce apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts via p53 and p38 pathways. Toxicol in Vitro. 2011; 25(8): 1721-6.
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22. Jeng HA, Swanson J. Toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in mammalian cells. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2006; 41(12): 2699-2711.
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23. Gojova A, Guo B, Kota RS, Rutledge JC, Kennedy IM, Barakat AI. Induction of inflammation in vascular endothelial cells by metal oxide nanoparticles: Effect of particle composition. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115(3): 403-409.
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24. Sharma V, Anderson D, Dhawan A. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human liver cells (HepG2). J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2011; 7(1): 98-99.
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25. Talebi AR, Khorsandi L, Moridian M. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2013; 30(9):1203-9.
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26. Sharma V, Singh P, Pandey AK, Dhawan A. Induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse liver after sub-acute oral exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles. Mutat Res. 2012; 45(1-2): 84-91.
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27. Mansouri E, Panahi M, Ghaffari MA, Ghorbani A. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in rat kidney. Iran Biomed J. 2010; 15(3):100-6.
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28. Suttle NF. Copper deficiency in ruminants recent developments. Vet Rec. 1998; 119(21): 519-522.
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29. Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 1967; 70(1): 158-69.
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30. Orazizadeh M, Hashemitabar M, Khorsandi L. Protective effect of minocycline on dexamethasone induced testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2009; 13(1):1-5.
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31. Pasupuleti S, Alapati S, Ganapathy S, Anumolu G, Pully NR, Prakhya BM. Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles through oral route. Toxicol Ind Health. 2012; 28(8): 675-86.
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32. Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Kumar S, Khan MM, Ahmad J, Alrokayan SA. Zinc oxide nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells through reactive oxygen species. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012; 7: 845-857.
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33. Guan R, Kang T, Lu F, Zhang Z, Shen H, Liu M. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in human hepatocyte and embryonic kidneycells exposed to ZnO nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2012; 7(1): 602.
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34. Wang J, Deng X, Zhang F, Chen D, Ding W. ZnO nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress triggers apoptosis by activating JNK signaling pathway in cultured primary astrocytes. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2014; 9(1): 117.
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35. Buzea C, Pacheco II, Robbie K. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity. Biointerphases. 2007; 2(4): 17-71.
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37. Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Mercer R, Murray AR, Johnson VJ, Potapovich AI, et al. Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005; 289(5): 698-708.
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38. Warheit DB, Laurence BR, Reed KL, Roach DH, Reynolds GA, Webb TR. Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats. Toxicol Sci. 2004; 77(1): 117-125.
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39. Aragon G, Younossi ZM. When and how to evaluate mildly elevated liver enzymes in apparently healthy patients. Cleve Clin J Med. 2010; 77(3): 195-204.
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40. Sha B, Gao W, Wang S, Gou X, Li W, Liang X, et al. Oxidative stress increased hepatotoxicity induced by nano-titanium dioxide in BRL-3A cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. J Appl Toxicol. 2014; 34(4): 345-356.
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41. Singh S, Shi T, Duffin R, Albrecht C, van Berlo D, Höhr D, et al. Endocytosis, oxidative stress and IL-8 expression in human lung epithelial cells upon treatment with fine and ultrafine TiO2: role of the specific surface area and of surface methylation of the particles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007; 222(2): 141-151.
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42. Johar D, Roth JC, Bay GH, Walker JN, Kroczak TJ, Los M. Inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, programmed (necrotic-like and apoptotic) cell death and cancer. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2004; 49: 31-39.
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43. Ma L, Zhao J, Wang J, Liu J, Duan Y, Liu H, et al. The acute liver injury in mice caused by nano-anatase TiO2. Nanoscale Res Lett. 4(11): 1275-1285.
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44. Park S, Lee YK, Jung M, Kim KH, Chung N, Ahn EK, et al. Cellular toxicity of various inhalable metal nanoparticles on human alveolar epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol. 2007; 1: 59-65.
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45. Wilhelmi V, Fischer U, Weighardt H, Schulze-Osthoff K, Nickel C, Stahlmecke B, et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce necrosis and apoptosis in macrophages in a p47phox- and Nrf2-independent manner. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6): e65704.
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46. Sharma V, Shukla RK, Saxena N, Parmar D, Das M, Dhawan A. DNA damaging potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in human epidermal cells. Toxicol Lett. 2009; 185(1-2): 211-8.
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48. Vandenabeele P, Galluzzi L, Vanden Berghe T, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of necroptosis: an ordered cellular explosion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010; 11(10): 700-714.
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50. Levin S, Bucci TJ, Cohen SM, Fix AS, Hardisty JF, LeGrand EK, et al. The nomenclature of cell death: Recommendations of an ad hoc Committee of the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists. Toxicol Pathol. 1999; 27(4): 484-490.
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51. Takenaka S, Karg E, Roth C, Schulz H, Ziesenis A, Heinzmann U, et al. Pulmonary and systemic distribution of inhaled ultrafine silver particles in rats. Environ Health Persp. 2001; 109(4): 547-55.
51
52. Oberdörster G. Pulmonary deposition, clearance and effects of inhaled soluble and insoluble cadmium compounds. IARC Sci Publ. 1992; 118:189-204.
52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and evaluation of vitamin A nanosuspension as a novel ocular drug delivery
Objective(s): The aim of this study was to prepare a nanosuspension formulation as a new vehicle for the improvement of the ocular delivery of vitamin A. Material and Methods: Formulations were designed based on full factorial design. A high pressure homogenization technique was used to produce nanosuspensions. Fifteen formulations were prepared by the use of different combinations of surfactants Tween 80, benzalkonium chloride and Pluronic and evaluated for pH, particle size, entrapment efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), stability and drug release. Also, Draize test was used to evaluate the irritation of rabbit eye by formulations. Results: All formulations showed a small mean size that is well suited for ocular application. Also it was observed that the particle size decreased with increase in the amount of surfactant. Drug entrapment increased with increasing amount of surfactant. It was shown that initial and final drug release can be controlled by the ratio and the total amount of surfactants, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of Tween 80 and Pluronic in the formualtions with a proper ratio does not show eye irritation and could be useful to achieve a suitable nanosuspension of vitamin A as a novel ocular delivery system.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4961_b4c6fe58ca9634ebafde205e616da670.pdf
2015-10-01
283
290
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.006
Benzalkonium
Nanosuspension
Pluronic
Tween
Vitamin A
Abbas
Akhgari
akhgaria@mums.ac.ir
1
Nanotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Saremi
hosseinsaremi_p4@yahoo.com
2
Nanotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Javad
Khodayar
jkhodayar@yahoo.com
3
Nanotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Chiou GC, Watanabe K. Drug delivery to the eye. Pharmacol Therapeut. 1982; 17(2): 269-278.
1
2. Ludwig A. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in ocular drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliver Rev. 2005; 57(11): 1595-1639.
2
3. Loftsson T, Stefansson E. Effect of cyclodextrins on topical drug delivery to the eye. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1997; 23(5): 473-481.
3
4. Loftsson T. Effects of cyclodextrins on the chemical stability of drugs in aqueous solutions. Drug Stability. 1995; 1: 22-33.
4
5. Del Amo EM, Urtti A. Current and future ophthalmic drug delivery systems: a shift to the posterior segment. Drug Discov Today. 2008; 13(3): 135-143.
5
6. Loveday SM, Singh H. Recent advances in technologies for vitamin A protection in foods. Trends Food Sci Tech. 2008; 19(12): 657-668.
6
7. Robin JS, Ellis PP. Ophthalmic ointments. Surv Ophthalmol. 1978; 22(5): 335-340.
7
8. Kobayashi T, Tsubota K, Takamura E, Sawa M, Ohashi Y, Usui M. Effect of retinol palmitate as a treatment for dry eye: a cytological evaluation. Ophthalmologica. 1997; 211(6): 358-361.
8
9. Wright P. Topical retinoic acid therapy for disorders of the outer eye. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1985; 104: 869-874.
9
10. Odaka A, Toshida H, Ohta T, Tabuchi N, Koike D, Suto C, Murakami A. Efficacy of retinol palmitate eye drops for dry eye in rabbits with lacrimal gland resection. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012; 6: 1585-1593.
10
11. Fujikawa A, Gong H, Amemiya T. Vitamin E prevents changes in the cornea and conjunctiva due to vitamin A deficiency. Graef Arch Clin Exp. 2003; 241(4): 287-297.
11
12. Liu L, Hartwig D, Harloff S, Herminghaus P, Wedel T, GeerlingG. An optimised protocol for the production of autologous serum eyedrops. Graef Arch Clin Exp. 2005; 243(7): 706-714.
12
13. Glover JC, Renaud JS, Rijli FM. Retinoic acid and hindbrain patterning. J Neurobiol. 2006; 66(7): 705-725.
13
14. Soong HK, Martin NF, Wagoner MD, Alfonso E, Mandelbaum SH, Laibson PR, Smith RE, Udell I. Topical retinoid therapy for squamous metaplasia of various ocular surface disorders. Ophthalmology. 1988; 95(10): 1442-1446.
14
15. Ohashi Y, Watanabe H, Kinoshita S, Hosotani H, Umemoto M, Manabe R. Vitamin A eyedrops for superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988; 105(5): 523-527.
15
16. Gaudana R, Ananthula HK, Parenky A, Mitra AK. Ocular drug delivery. AAPS J. 2010; 12(3): 348-360.
16
17. Patel A, Cholkar K, Agrahari V, Mitra AK. Ocular drug delivery systems: An overview. World J Pharmacol. 2013; 2(2): 47-64.
17
18. Lang JC. Ocular drug delivery conventional ocular formulations. Adv Drug Deliver Rev. 1995; 16(1): 39-43.
18
19. Rabinow BE. Nanosuspensions in drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004; 3(9): 785-796.
19
20. Bisrat M, Nyström C. Physicochemical aspects of drug release. VIII. The relation between particle size and surface specific dissolution rate in agitated suspensions. Int J Pharm. 1988; 47(1): 223-231.
20
21. Muller RH, Keck CM. Challenges and solutions for the delivery of biotech drugs–a review of drug nanocrystal technology and lipid nanoparticles. J Biotechnol. 2004; 113(1): 151-170.
21
22. Ponchel G, Montisci MJ, Dembri A, Durrer C, Duchêne D. Mucoadhesion of colloidal particulate systems in the gastro-intestinal tract", Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 1997; 44(1): 25-31.
22
23. Kassem M, Abdel Rahman A, Ghorab M, Ahmed M, Khalil R. Nanosuspension as an ophthalmic delivery system for certain glucocorticoid drugs. Int J Pharm. 2007; 340(1): 126-133.
23
24. Pignatello R, Bucolo C, Ferrara P, Maltese A, Puleo A, Puglisi G. Eudragit RS100 nanosuspensions for the ophthalmic controlled delivery of ibuprofen. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2002; 16(1): 53-61.
24
25. Das S, Suresh PK. Nanosuspension: a new vehicle for the improvement of the delivery of drugs to the ocular surface. Application to amphotericin B. Nanomedicine. 2011; 7(2): 242-247.
25
26. Shokri J, Azarmi S, Sabouri A, Shokri M. Enhancement of oxazepam dissolution rate using oxazepam-surfactant solid dispersions. Pharm Sci. 2006; 4(35): 43-51.
26
27. Hua XY, Rosen MJ. Dynamic surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions: I. Basic paremeters. J Colloid Interf Sci. 1988; 124(2): 652-659.
27
28. Dandagi P, Kerur S, Mastiholimath V, Gadad A, Kulkarni A. Polymeric ocular nanosuspension for controlled release of acyclovir: in vitro release and ocular distribution. Iran J Pharm Res. 2009; 8(2): 79-86.
28
29. Mishra M, Muthuprasanna P, Prabha KS, Rani PS, Babu S, Chandiran IS, Arunachalam G, Shalini S. Basics and potential applications of surfactants-a review. Int J PharmTech Res. 2009; 1(4): 1354-1365.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its synergistic effects in combination with imipenem and two biocides against biofilm producing Acinetobacter baumannii
Objectives:Biofilms are communities of bacteria attached to surfaces through an external polymeric substances matrix. In the meantime, Acinetobacterbaumannii is the predominant species related to nosocomial infections. In the present study, the effect of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with biocides and imipenem against planktonic and biofilms of A. baumannii was assessed. Materials and Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 75 planktonic isolates of A. baumannii were determined by using the microdilution method as described via clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Among all strains, 10 isolates which formed strong biofilms were selected and exposed to silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with imipenem, bismuth ethandithiol (BisEDT) and bismuth propanedithiol (BisPDT) to determine minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBIC). Subsequently, minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with imipenem against mature biofilm of the isolates were evaluated. Results:Results showed that 29.3% of isolates were susceptible to silver nanoparticles and could inhibit the growth and eradicate biofilms produced by the isolates. For this reason, ∑FIC, ∑FBIC and ∑FBEC ≤ 0.05 were reported which shows synergism between silver nanoparticles and imipenem against not only planktonic cells but also inhibition and eradication of biofilms. The results of ∑FBIC >2 indicated to antagonistic impacts between silver nanoparticles and BisEDT/BisPDT against biofilms. Conclusion: It can be concluded that silver nanoparticles alone can inhibit biofilm formation but in combination with imipenem are more effective against A. baumannii in planktonic and biofilm forms.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4962_1f295961654fe90a17a8ce87d39492bf.pdf
2015-10-01
291
298
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.007
Acinetobacter baumannii
Biofilm
Bismuth ethandithiol (BisEDT)
Bismuth propanedithiol (BisPDT)
Imipenem
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
Saghar
Hendiani
saghar.hendiani@yahoo.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahya
Abdi-Ali
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Mohammadi
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sharmin
Kharrazi
sh-kharrazi@tums.ac.ir
4
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Panacek A, Kvítek, L., Prucek, R., Kolar, M., Vecerova, R., Pizúrova, N., Sharma, V, K., Nevecna, T., Zboril, R. Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity. J Phys Chem B. 2006;110(33):16248-53.
1
2. Humberto H, L., Garza-Treviño, E, N., Ixtepan-Turrent, L., Singh, D, K. Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds. J Nanobiotechnology 2011;9(30).
2
3. Percival SL, Bowler, P.G. and Dolman, J. Antimicrobial activity of silver-containing dressings on wound microorganisms using an in vitro biofilm model. . Int Wound J. 2007;4(2):186–91.
3
4. Sondi I, Salopek-Sondi, B. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: A case study on E. coli as a model for Gram negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2004;275(1):177-82.
4
5. Morones JR, Elechiguerra, J.L., Camacho, A. and Ramirez, J.T. The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2005;16(10):2346–53.
5
6. Hwang E, T., Lee, J, H., Chae, Y, J., Kim, Y, S., Kim, B, C., Sang, B., Gu, M, B. Analysis of the toxic mode of action of silver nanoparticles using stress-specific bioluminescent bacteria. Small. 2008;4(6):746-50.
6
7. Kim J, S., Kuk, E., Yu, K,N., Kim, J, H., Park, S, J., Lee, H, J., Kim, S, H., Park, Y, K., Park, Y, H., Hwang, C, Y., Kim, Y, K., Lee, Y, S., Jeong, D, H., Cho, M, H. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine. 2007;3(1):95-101.
7
8. Nel A, Xia, T., Madler, L., Li, N. Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel. Science. 2006;311(5761):622-7.
8
9. Batarseh K, I. Anomaly and correlation of killing in the therapeutic properties of silver (I) chelation with glutamic and tartaric acids. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004; (54):546-8.
9
10. Shahverdi A, R., Fakhimi, Ali., Shahverdi, Hamid, R., Minaian, Sara. Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nanomedicine 2007; (3):168-71.
10
11. Hwang I-s, Hwang, Ji, Hong., Choi, Hyemin., Kim, Keuk-Jun., Lee, Dong, Gun. Synergistic effect with silver nanoparticles and its involved mechanisms. J Med Microbiol. 2012; doi:10.1099/jmm.0.047100-0.
11
12. Richet H. Nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii: a major threat worldwide. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006;27(7):645-6.
12
13. Rodrguez-Ban o, J., Cisneros, J, M., Fernandez-Cuenca, F., et al. Clinical features and epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii colonization and infection in Spanish hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25(10):819-24.
13
14. Stewart P, S., Costerton, J, W. . Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet. 2001;358(9276):135-8.
14
15. Vidal R, Dominguez, M., Urrutia, H., Bello, H., Gonzalez, G., Garcia, A. & Zemelman, R. Biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbios 1996;86(346):49-58.
15
16. Valappil S, P., Pickup, D, M., Carroll, D, L., Hope, C, K., Pratten, J., Newport, R, J., et al. Effect of silver content on the structure and antibacterial activity of silver-doped phosphate-based glasses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51(12):4453–61.
16
17. Lewis K. Riddle of biofilm resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001; (45):999–1007.
17
18. Hashizume T, Ishinot, F., Nakagawat, J, I., Tamakit , S., Matsuhashit, M. Studies on the mechanism of action of imipenem (N-formimidoylthienamycin) in vitro: binding to the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and inhibition of enzyme activities due to the PBPs in E. coli. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1984;37(4):394-400.
18
19. Veloira W, G., Domenico, P., Lipuma, J, J., Davis, J, M., Gurzenda, E., Kazzaz, J, A. In vitro activity and synergy of bismuth thiols and tobramycin against Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Antimicrob chemother. 2003; (52):915-9.
19
20. Gunawardana J. Bismuth-Ethandithiol: a potential drug to threat Biofilm infections of medical devices produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Florida, USA: Boca Raton; 2003.
20
21. Shahrokh S, Emtiazi, G. Toxicity and Unusual Biological Behavior of Nanosilver on Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria Assayed by Microtiter-Plate. Europ J Biol Sci 2009;1(3):28-31.
21
22. Gould I, M., Wilson, D., Milne, K., Paterson, A., Golder, D., Russell, D. Interaction of imipenem with erythromycin and tetracycline assessed by microdilution checkerboard techniques. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991;35(11):2407-9.
22
23. Abdi-Ali A, Hendiani, S., Mohammadi, P., Gharavi, S. Assessment of Biofilm Formation and Resistance to Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran. Jundishapour J Microbiol. 2014;7(1).
23
24. Stepanovic S, Vukovic, D., Dakic, I., Savic, B., Svabic-Vlahovic, M. A modified microtiter-plate test for quantification of staphylococcal biofilm formation. J MicrobiolMethods 2000;40(2):175-9.
24
25. Betsey P, Hamilton , M, A., Zelver, N., Stewart, P, S. . A microtiter-plate screening method for biofilm disinfection and removal. J Microbiol Methods 2003;54(2):269-76.
25
26. Pettit R, K., Weber, C, A., Kean, M, J., Hoffmann, H., Pettit, G, R., Tan, R., Franks, K, S., Horton, M, L. . Microplate Alamar Blue Assay for Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Susceptibility Testing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(7):2612-7.
26
27. Dallo S, F., Denno, J., Hong, S., Weitao, T. Adhesion of Acinetobacter baumannii to extracellular proteins detected by a live cell-protein binding assay. Ethn and dis. 2010;20.
27
28. Sui Z, M., Chen, X., Wang, L, Y., Xu, L, M., Zhuang, W, C., Chai, Y, C., et al. Capping effect of CTAB on positively charged Ag nanoparticles. Physica E. 2006;33(2):308-14.
28
29. Amro N, A., Kotra, L, P., Wadu-Mesthrige, K., Bulychev, A., Mobashery, S, L. High resolution atomic force microscopy studies of the Escherichia coli outer membrane: structural basis for permeability. Langmuir 2000;16(6):2789-96.
29
30. Hong S, H., Jeong, J., Shim, S., Kang, H., Kwon, S., Ahn, K, H., Yoon, J. Effect of electric currents on bacterial detachment and inactivation. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2008;100(2):379-89.
30
31. Pratik R, Chaudhari, Shalaka, A., Masurkar, Vrishali, B., Shidore, Suresh, Kamble, P. Effect of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Quenching and Prevention of Biofilm Formation. Nano-Micro Lett 2012;4(1):34-9.
31
32. Gunawardana J. Bismuth-Ethandithiol: a potential drug to threat Biofilm infections of medical devices produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Florida, USA: Boca Raton; 2010.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Combined effects of PEGylation and particle size on uptake of PLGA particles by macrophage cells
Objective:At the present study, relationship between phagocytosis of PLGA particles and combined effects of particle size and surface PEGylation was investigated. Materials and Methods:Microspheres and nanospheres (3500 nm and 700 nm) were prepared from three types of PLGA polymers (non-PEGylated and PEGylation percents of 9% and 15%). These particles were prepared by solvent evaporation method. All particles were labeled with FITC-Albumin. Interaction of particles with J744.A.1 mouse macrophage cells, was evaluated in the absence or presence of 7% of the serum by flowcytometry method. Results: The study revealed more phagocytosis of nanospheres. In the presence of the serum, PEGylated particles were phagocytosed less than non-PEGylated particles. For nanospheres, this difference was significant (P<0/05) and their uptake was affected by PEGylation degree. In the case of microsphere formulation, PEGylation did not affect the cell uptake. In the serum-free medium, the bigger particles had more cell uptake rate than smaller ones but the cell uptake rate was not influenced by PEGylation. Conclusion:The results indicated that in nanosized particles both size and PEgylation degree could affect the phagocytosis, but in micron sized particles just size, and not the PEGylation degree, could affect this.
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_4963_bed16824ebd3ecad7fc4047e9220f006.pdf
2015-10-01
299
304
10.7508/nmj.2015.04.008
PLGA particles
PEGylation
Phagocytosis
Size
Tina
Moayedian
moayedian_t@yahoo.com
1
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Mosaffa
mosaffaf@mums.ac.ir
2
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Khameneh
khameneb891@mums.ac.ir
3
Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Tafaghodi
4
School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Poovi G, Lekshmi UMD, Narayanan N, Reddy N. Preparation and characterization of repaglinide loaded chitosan polymeric nanoparticles. Res J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011; 1(1): 12-24.
1
2. Khameneh B, Iranshahy M, Ghandadi M, Ghoochi Atashbeyk D, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Iranshahi M. Investigation of the antibacterial activity and efflux pump inhibitory effect of co-loaded piperine and gentamicin nanoliposomes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2014 May 20.
2
3. Atashbeyk DG, Khameneh B, Tafaghodi M, Fazly Bazzaz BS. Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection by nanoliposomes loaded with gentamicin and oleic acid. Pharm Biol. 2014 Nov; 52(11): 1423-8.
3
4. Mohajer M, Khameneh B, Tafaghodi M. Preparation and characterization of PLGA nanospheres loaded with inactivated influenza virus, CpG-ODN and Quillaja saponin. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2014 Sep; 17(9): 722-6.
4
5. Ding X, Janjanam J, Tiwari A, Thompson M, Heiden PA. Peptide-directed self-assembly of functionalized polymeric nanoparticles part I: design and self-assembly of peptide-copolymer conjugates into nanoparticle fibers and 3D scaffolds. Macromol Biosci. 2014 Jun; 14(6): 853-71.
5
6. Yao H, Ng SS, Huo LF, Chow BK, Shen Z, Yang M, et al. Effective melanoma immunotherapy with interleukin-2 delivered by a novel polymeric nanoparticle. Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Jun;10(6): 1082-92.
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7. Sun L, Zhou S, Wang W, Li X, Wang J, Weng J. Preparation and characterization of porous biodegradable microspheres used for controlled protein delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2009;345(1–3):173-81.
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8. Bian X, Liang S, John J, Hsiao CH, Wei X, Liang D, et al. Development of PLGA-based itraconazole injectable nanospheres for sustained release. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013; 8: 4521-31.
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