2024-03-29T08:06:46Z
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1674
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
The applications of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry: a review study
Mona
Malek
Fatemeh
Farzaneh
Yasaman
Samani
Fatemeh
Pachenari
Hamid
Pachenari
Nanotechnology has various applications in restorative dentistry in order to achieve reliable treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the studies focused on the applications of nano-based materials, technologies, and methods used in restorative dentistry. Related articles were retrieved via searching in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Afterwards, the appropriate references regarding the research subject were assessed, and findings were collected to achieve a comprehensive review study. According to the obtained results, the utilization of nanotechnology in restorative dentistry could yield beneficial outcomes. The dispersion of nano-sized structures in restorative materials could enhance mechanical properties such as diametral and flexural strength and fracture toughness. However, the improvement of the mentioned mechanical properties depends on the type of the nano-sized materials, their content, and type of the additional materials used along with nano-based restorative materials.
Composite
Mechanical properties
Nanotechnology
Restorative dentistry
2019
10
01
241
249
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13527_2af8e5fbb2a448363e1f7a20e775aaed.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Dopamine-conjugated apoferritin protein nanocage for the dual-targeting delivery of epirubicin
Hasanain Gomhor
J. Alqaraghuli
Soheila
Kashanian
Ronak
Rafipour
Kamran
Mansouri
Objective(s): Nanocarriers are drug delivery vehicles, which have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years, particularly in cancer treatment. The encapsulation of anticancer drugs using protein nanocages is considered to be an optimal approach to reducing drug side-effects and increasing the bioavailability of anticancer drugs. Epirubicin (EPR) is an active chemotherapeutic medication used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, the toxicity of this drug against normal cells is a considerable limitation in therapy. EPR toxicity could be reduced using nanocarriers and dual-targeted drug delivery. Dual-targeted drug delivery system was developed by the conjugation of dopamine (DA) with horse spleen apoferritin (HsAFr)-encapsulated EPR to overcome the limitations of chemotherapeutic EPR in breast cancer treatment. HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes could target the scavenger receptors, transferrin receptors 1, and DA receptors, which are overexpressed on breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: UV-Visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques and transmission electronic microscope (TEM) have been applied to characterize HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes. In the present study, we utilized human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), aiming to compare the cytotoxicity of HsAFr-EPR-DA complexes to free EPR. Results: The toxicity was measured using the MTT assay, which demonstrated that the dual-targeted nanocarrier (HsAFr-EPR-DA) enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 more significantly compared to non-targeted nanocarriers.Conclusion: The findings of the current research indicated that the synthesized HsAFr-DA complex was an optimal nanocarrier for the dual-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
Dopamine
Drug Delivery
Dual Targeting
Epirubicin
Horse Spleen Apoferritin Nanocage
2019
10
01
250
257
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13245_6d398701a1f9a0f4f156df42a8e3ab5f.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Green synthesis and antibacterial activity of zinc selenide (ZnSe) nanoparticles
Majid
Darroudi
Niloofar
KhandaKhandan Nasab
Himen
Salimizand
Alireza
Dehnad
Objective(s): In this study, zinc selenide nanoparticles (ZnSe NPs) were prepared via green synthesis as a simple, fast, and eco-friendly method at an ambient temperature and various reaction pH (11, 12, and 13). Also ZnSe NPs antibacterial activity was investigated.Materials and methods: The ZnSe NPs were characterized using instruments such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry within the range of 360-610 nanometers and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial activity of various concentrations of ZnSe NPs (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, and 1,024 μg/ml) was examined against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes), and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms using the broth microdilution MIC method.Results: The results of UV-Vis spectrum and TEM confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnSe NPs with the mean diameter of approximately 50 nanometers. According to the results of broth microdilution MIC method, there were differences in the resistance of the bacterial strains. In addition, Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were observed to be completely resistant to various concentrations of ZnSe NPs.Conclusion: It seems that synthesized ZnSe NPs can be capable of inhibiting growth of bacterial strains especially Gram-positive strains.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Green chemistry, Nanoparticles, Zinc selenide
Chemical synthesis
Characterization
Chloroquine diphosphate
Encapsulation
Gold Nanoparticles
2019
10
01
258
262
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13096_6702c69573266686748f4f3edd16676a.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Relevance between MRI longitudinal relaxation rate and gadolinium concentration in Gd3+/GO/alginate nanocomposite
Ensiyeh
Shafaei
Baharak
Divband
Nahideh
Gharehaghaji
Objective(s): Relevance between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation rate and concentration of magnetic nanoparticles determines the capability of a nanomaterial to provide MRI contrast. In the present study, alginate was conjugated to gadolinium/graphene oxide nanocomposite to form gadolinium/graphene oxide/alginate nanocomposite, aiming to investigate its effect on the relevance between MRI longitudinal relaxation rate and paramagnetic gadolinium concentration.Materials and Methods: The physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite and its effect on the cell culture were investigated. Moreover, MRI longitudinal relaxation rates were determined based on the corresponding exponential curves, and the graph of their relevance with gadolinium concentration was plotted. Results: The average thickness and sheet size of the nanocomposite were three and 100 nanometers, respectively. The nanocomposite showed high cell viability, even at the relatively high concentration of 75 µg/ml. In addition, a linear correlation was observed between longitudinal relaxation rate and gadolinium concentration. Conclusion: According to the results, the linearity between gadolinium/graphene oxide/alginate nanocomposite and gadolinium concentration, which revealed a high slope, confirmed the potential of the nanocomposite to significantly improve the positive contrast of MR images.
Gadolinium
Graphene oxide
MRI
Nanocomposite
2019
10
01
263
268
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13182_530b7f776e09fa57db906b0fcb5ab6ec.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Core-shell nanoparticles for medical applications: effects of surfactant concentration on the characteristics and magnetic properties of magnetite-silica nanoparticles
Khatereh
Faaliyan
Hassan
Abdoos
Ehsan
Borhani
Seyyed Salman
Seyyed Afghahi
Objective(s): The use of cationic surface-active agents (surfactant) in the synthesis of nanoparticles, with formation of micelle, can act as a template for the formation of meso-porous silica. Changes in the concentration of surfactants can affect the structures and properties of the resulting nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: Magnetite nanoparticles were prepared as cores using the coprecipitation method. Silica shells were formed on the prepared cores using sol-gel through the single-step process. During synthesis, cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a surfactant at low (0.1 g), medium (1 g), and high concentrations (7 g), and the effects on the properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. The core-shell nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the surface porosities of the nanoparticles were evaluated using the BET and BJH methods. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was also employed to assess the magnetic characteristics of the synthesized samples. Results: The results of XRD indicated that the nanoparticles were composed of magnetite and silica, while the SEM and TEM images confirmed the presence of uniform spherical particles with a core-shell structure. According to the results of the VSM tests, all nanoparticles showed super-paramagnetic behaviors. Moreover, the increased concentration of CTAB led to an increment in saturation magnetization (Ms), size, and volume of the surface pores, while the specific surface area of the nanoparticles decreased. Conclusion: According to the results, the properties of the silica shell could be adjusted in terms of pore characteristics and magnetic behavior by changing the concentration of the surfactant.
Core-shell
Magnetite-silica
Magnetic behavior
Nanoparticle
Surfactant
2019
10
01
269
275
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13234_17bb1992294ecbf63c6d39708db30935.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
The role and mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the improvement of the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells in clinically relevant megavoltage radiation energies in-vitro
Masoumeh
Zangeneh
Hassan Ali
Nedaei
Hossein
Mozdarani
Aziz
Mahmoudzadeh
Sharmin
Kharrazi
Mahdieh
Salimi
Objective(s): Semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have unique properties, such as inherent selectivity and photosensitization effects under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. ZnO NPs serve as promising anticancer agents. However, UV radiation limits their penetration into the body. In most clinical settings, it is essential to use high-energy photons in the treatment of deep-seated tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitization effects of ZnO NPs on human lung cancer cells under megavoltage (MV) X-ray irradiation. Materials and Methods: ZnO NPs with the mean diameter of seven nanometers were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of ZnO NPs were evaluated in SKLC-6 lung cancer and MRC-5 normal lung cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry assays, respectively. In addition, the radiosensitization effects of ZnO NPs were investigated under MV irradiation using a clonogenic survival assay. Apoptosis induction and DNA damage were also evaluated using flow cytometry and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, respectively.Results: ZnO NPs were taken up and reduced the viability of the cancer cells at a higher rate compared to the normal cells. Moreover, ZnO NPs significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cancer cells with the sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.23 and 1.31 at the concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. However, they had no significant effect on the radiosensitivity of the normal cells. Apoptosis induction and DNA damage also improved at a higher rate in the cancer cells compared to the normal cells with the combination of ZnO NPs with MV radiation.Conclusion: According to the results, ZnO NPs had the potential to be a selective radiosensitizer for lung cancer radiotherapy under MV X-ray irradiation. Some of the cytotoxic and genotoxic mechanisms in radiosensitization by ZnO NPs were elevated apoptosis induction and DNA damage levels.
Lung cancer
Megavoltage Energy
Radiosensitization
Radiotherapy
ZnO nanoparticles
2019
10
01
276
290
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13128_00b2858cc72dbe2ca66359370d5e97cf.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Computational simulations of nanoparticle transport in a three-dimensional capillary network
Sadegh
Shurche
Mohammad Yousefi
Sooteh
Objective(s): Multifunctional nanomedicine is the new generation of medicine, which is remarkably promising and associated with the minimum toxicity of targeted therapy. Distribution and transport of nanoparticles (NPs) in the blood flow are essential to the evaluation of delivery efficacy. Materials and Methods: In the present study, we initially designed a phantom based on Murray’s minimum work law using the AutoCAD software. Afterwards, the phantom was fabricated using lithography and imaged using a Siemens Magnetom 3T Prisma MRI scanner at the National Brain Mapping Laboratory, Iran. Finally, the velocity and pressure in the capillary network were simulated using the COMSOL software. Moreover, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were applied to model the NP transport and dispersion in blood suspension. Results: According to the findings, particle size, vessel geometry, and vascular flow rate affected the delivery efficacy and NP distribution. Cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time, and curves for the capillary network were obtained at different times. The simulations indicated that the velocity and pressure in the capillary network were within the ranges of 0.0001-0.0005 m/s and 5-25 mm/Hg, respectively. Higher particle concentration was also observed in the non-uniform NP distribution profile near the vessel wall. Conclusion: We investigated the effects of the vessel size and geometry and particulate nature of blood on the delivery and distribution of NPs. For targeted drug delivery applications, a mechanistic understanding on the nanomedicine design was provided as well.
Capillary network
finite element method
Nanoparticle
Simulation
2019
10
01
291
300
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13214_e7de56ba9ca05d0cb3349f6f280a5696.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Role of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by iron oxide nanoparticle in adult male rats
Azam
Karimi
Lotfollah
Khajehpour
Mahnaz
Kesmati
Objective(s): Nanoparticles of iron oxide (nFe2O3) are widely used in medicine and industry and could interfere with the brain processes associated with memory. The involvement of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the process of memory formation has been confirmed. The present study aimed to investigate the possible interference of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by nFe2O3 in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, we examined the possible involvement of the cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 area in the memory impairment induced by nFe2O3. In total, 70 male rats were divided into 10 groups of saline (1 µl/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg; intraperitoneal [IP]), saline (1 µl/rat)+nFe2O3 (5 and 7.5 mg/kg; IP), pilocarpine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg), pilocarpine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+nFe2O3 (7.5 mg/kg; IP), scopolamine (1 and 2 µg/rat)+saline (1 ml/kg), and scopolamine (1 µg/rat)+ nFe2O3 (5 mg/kg; IP).Results: Pilocarpine and scopolamine were injected intra-CA1 after training and before the IP administration of nFe2O3. The latency to enter the dark compartment in the step-through apparatus and locomotor activity was performed on the animals in an open field at 24 hours and seven days after training. The results indicated that nFe2O3 (7.5 mg/kg) decreased memory retrieval (P
Cholinergic system
Hippocampus
Iron oxide
Memory
Nanoparticle
2019
10
01
301
310
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13225_2e5086afc890551aeac2431263969532.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Preparation and characterization of PCL polymeric scaffolds coated with chitosan/ bioactive glass/gelatin nanoparticles using the tips methodology for bone tissue engineering
Gholamreza Savari
Kozehkonan
Majid
Salehi
Saeed
Farzamfar
Hossein
Ghanbari
Mehdi
Adabi
Amir
Amani
Objective(s): The present study aimed to prepare polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with high porosity and pore interconnectivity, in order to copy the microstructure of natural bones using the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Materials and Methods: The scaffolds were coated with chitosan (CH), bioactive glass (BG), and gelatin nanoparticles (GEL NPs) and assessed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: The size of the prepared BG and GEL NPs was estimated to be 400 and 234 nanometers, respectively. The porosity and contact angle of PCL/CH/GEL NPs/BG was 74% and 72°, respectively. Weight loss and electron microscopy evaluations indicated the improved degradation rate of the scaffolds and spreading tendency of the cells on the scaffolds when modified as compared to the scaffolds that were purely obtained from PCL. In addition, the in-vitro studies revealed that the MG-63 cells cultured on the PCL/CH/GEL NPs/BG scaffolds showed improved cell proliferation more significantly compared to the scaffolds obtained from PCL, PCL/CH/GEL NPs, PCL/CH, and PCL/GEL NPs. Mechanical examinations also showed that PCL/CH/GEL/BG scaffolds had the highest mechanical strength compared to other groups (i.e., 4.66 Mpa). Cell viability was estimated to be 96.7%, and the alizarin red test indicated the significant improvement of mineralization in the PCL/CH/GEL NP group. Conclusion: According to the results, the PCL scaffolds that were modified by CH/GEL NPs/BG had the high potency to be used as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Bioactive Glass
Chitosan
Gelatin NPs
PCL
Thermally Induced Phase Separation
2019
10
01
311
320
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13216_c11f7e133182077ce33139852cdda653.pdf
Nanomedicine Journal
Nanomed J
2322-3049
2322-3049
2019
6
4
Myelin enhancement of Multiple sclerosis model with gold nanoparticles into the corpus callosum
Mahjabin
Khosravi
Manizheh
Karami
Mohammadreza
Jalali Nadoushan
Abazar
Hajnorouzi
Objective(s): With no substantial cost, we injected L-arginine into the rat’s corpus callosum (CC) to create animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and investigated the pre-injection effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rat (250-300 g) was surgically cannulated at the CC, and after recovery it was injected L-arginine (3-200 µg/rat, intra-CC) once daily for 3 to 5 consecutive days. GNPs (0.001-0.01 µg/rat, intra-CC) were injected alone or prior to the L-arginine using the same procedure. Control group solely received saline (1 µL/rat, intra-CC). Brain was studied with luxol fast blue. Weight change was also analyzed via the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: L-arginine significantly induced (p< 0.05) a reduction in the fiber density while the neurons increased (p< 0.05). Single GNPs reduced (p< 0.05) the fiber and neuron densities; however, pre-injection of NPs caused myelinated fibers and uniform density of neurons. Conclusion: The L-arginine may trigger demyelination by pro-inflammatory nitric oxide (NO), and the GNPs may improve this effect.
Corpus callosum
Demyelination
Gold Nanoparticle
L-arginine
Multiple Sclerosis
Nitric oxide
Rat
2019
10
01
321
328
https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_13308_8ea0dae7d856531e1834ac7c1a7f333b.pdf