Nanomedicine Journal

Nanomedicine Journal

Harnessing liposome technology for precision medicine: design, delivery, and clinical impact

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors
Ganugapenta Nikhil Kumar
Edukulla Satheesh Kumar
Thirumalesh Naik Sugali Banoth
Archana Sugunarajan Latha
Bhargavi Melehalli Shivaraju
Hindustan Abdul Ahad
Department of R R College of Pharmacy, Chikkabanavara, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
10.22038/nmj.2025.86734.2188
Abstract
Background: Liposomes are microspheres formed by phospholipids and have received attention as sophisticated drug carriers because they can retain both water-soluble and fat-soluble drugs. Their applications have made them very versatile and have resulted in their great exploration in many aspects of therapy.
Objective(s):The present review sets out to provide an exhaustive overview of the nature of liposomes, their preparation tactics, measures of their efficiency, and the trending applications of liposomes in contemporary medicine, with a focus on optimization measures and the future of this technology.
Materials and Methods: The mini-review of the literature was done with an emphasis on the various methods of liposome preparation, which included the Bangham method, solvent injection methods, as well as the removal methods of detergents. Efficiency was analyzed based on optimization and evaluation parameters, including vesicle size, shape, zeta potential, and in vitro release profile of the drug to evaluate their contribution to formulation efficiency.
Results: Recent innovations have resulted in the creation of new generation liposomal systems, such as active targeting liposomes, stimuli-reactive liposomes, and surface-modified liposomes. These advances bring substantive benefits to drug delivery effectiveness and outcomes in the therapeutic arena and decreased systemic toxicities. Liposomal formulations find increasing use in cancer treatment, in the treatment of infectious diseases, and in gene delivery. A number of novel systems are in the clinical trial stage, indicating their translational potential.
Conclusion: Liposomes are a very flexible and evolving drug delivery mechanism. The development of improved surface modification, targeting approaches, and stimuli-responsive systems still augers well with the therapeutic potential. Continuing advances in the development and clinical assessment of new liposomal preparations demonstrate the future of these agent-carrying constructs to transform the field of disease management in the domains of cancer, infectious disease, and gene therapy.
Keywords
Antineoplastic agents
Drug delivery systems
Gene therapy
Liposomes
Nanomedicine
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Nanomedicine Journal
Volume 13, Issue 2
Spring 2026
Pages 283-295