Perspectives of chitosan nanofiber/film scaffolds with bone marrow stromal cells in tissue engineering and wound dressing

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Clinical and Molecular Laboratory, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Basic Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objective (s): Several methods have been proposed for repairing defects and damages, one of which is cell therapy. Bone marrow stromal cells seem to be suitable for this purpose. On the other hand, many biometric materials are used to improve and correct the defects in the body. Nanofibers are widely used in the medical industry, especially in tissue engineering, as scaffolds in wound healing and wound dressing. Chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers can be a suitable replacement for routine wound coverages. Hence, this study was conducted to present a combination of these methods.
Materials and Methods: Chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers and thin films of chitosan were produced and optimized by electron microscopy, on which the bone marrow stromal cells were then cultivated. Interactions between the cells and these biomaterials were investigated through viability, morphology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy of cells after 6 days.
All data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA tests in SPSS version 16.
PResults: It seems that the high viscosity of chitosan prevents the formation of nanofibers, while chitosan/polyethylene oxide solutions with 80/20 and 90/10 ratios produce perfect, regular, bead free and non-toxic nanofibers with average diameter of 240±10 and 220±10 nm, respectively.
The results of immunocytochemistry and viability showed that the cells had relatively high proliferation on the thin chitosan membranes, while the results of the electron microscopy showed that the morphology of cells was better on the nanofibers than on the thin membrane of chitosan.
Conclusion: Since bone marrow stromal cells were grown well on chitosan-nanofibers, each of them alone was used in the therapeutic methods. It is better to consider a combination of two methods as the treatment method, especially in tissue engineering and cell therapy.

Keywords

References

1. Anitha A, Maya S, Deepa N, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Tamura H, Jayakumar R. Efficient water soluble O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanocarrier for the delivery of curcumin to cancer cells. Carbohyd Polym. 2011; 83(2): 452-461.
2. Pillai C, Paul W, Sharma CP. Chitin and chitosan polymers: Chemistry, solubility and fiber formation. Prog Polym Sci. 2009; 34(7): 641-678.
3. Greiner A, Wendorff JH. Electrospinning: a fascinating method for the preparation of ultrathin fibers. Angew. Chem Int Ed Engl. 2007; 46(30): 5670-5703.
4. Chen JP, Chang GY, Chen JK. Electrospun collagen/chitosan nanofibrous membrane as wound dressing. Colloids Surf A. 2008; 313: 183-188.
5. Jin HJ, Fridrikh SV, Rutledge GC, Kaplan DL. Electrospinning Bombyx mori silk with poly (ethylene oxide). Biomacromolecules. 2002; 3(6): 1233-1239.
6. Huang L, Nagapudi K, Apkarian RP, Chaikof EL. Engineered collagen–PEO nanofibers and fabrics. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2001;12(9): 979-993.
7. Jiang Y, Jahagirdar BN, Reinhardt RL, Schwartz RE, Keene CD, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Reyes M, Lenvik T, Lund T, Blackstad M, Du J, Aldrich S, Lisberg A, Low WC, Largaespada DA, Verfaillie CM. Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature. 2002; 418(6893): 41-49.
8. Edwards RG. Stem cells today: B1. Bone marrow stem cells. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004; 9(5): 541-583.
9. Liu Y, Dulchavsky DS, Gao X, Kwon D, Chopp M, Dulchavsky S, Gautam SC. Wound repair by bone marrow stromal cells through growth factor production. J Surg Res. 2006; 136(2): 336-341.
10. Zhang J, Li Y, Lu M, Cui Y, Chen J, Noffsinger L, Elias SB, Chopp M. Bone marrow stromal cells reduce axonal loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. J Neurosci Res. 2006; 84(3): 587-595.
11. Emamgholi A, Rahimi M, Kaka G, Sadraie SH, Najafi S. Presentation of a novel model of chitosan-polyethylene oxide-nanohydroxyapatite nanofibers together with bone marrow stromal cells to repair and improve minor bone defects. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2015; 18(9): 887-893.
12. Kaka G, Arum J, Sadraie SH, Emamgholi A, Mohammadi A. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Associated with Poly L-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nanofiber Scaffold Improve Transected Sciatic Nerve Regeneration. Iran J Biotechnol. 2017; 15(3): 149-156.
13. Cheng M, Deng J, Yang F, Gong Y, Zhao N, Zhang X. Study on physical properties and nerve cell affinity of composite films from chitosan and gelatin solutions. Biomaterials. 2003; 24(17): 2871-2880.
14. Bhattarai N, Edmondson D, Veiseh O, Matsen FA, Zhang M. Electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers and their cellular compatibility. Biomaterials. 2005; 26(31): 6176-6184.
15. Kaka GR, Tiraihi T, Delshad A, Arabkheradmand J, Kazemi H. In vitro differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into oligodendrocyte-like cells using triiodothyronine as inducer. Int J Neurosci. 2012;122(5): 237-247.
16. Roberts G. In GAE Roberts (Ed.), Chitin chemistry (pp. 85–91). London: Macmillan; 1992.
17. Pakravan M, Heuzey MC, Ajji A. A fundamental study of chitosan/PEO electrospinning. Polymer. 2011; 52(21): 4813-4824.
18. Kong L, Gao Y, Lu G, Gong Y, Zhao N, Zhang X. A study on the bioactivity of chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Eur Polym J. 2006; 42(12): 3171-3179.
19. Kazemnejad S, Allameh A, Soleimani M, Gharehbaghian A, Mohammadi Y, Amirizadeh N, Kaviani S, Jazayeri M, Amani M. Development of a novel three-dimensional biocompatible nanofibrous scaffold for the expansion and hepatogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Iran J Biotechnol. 2007; 5(4): 201-211.
20. Zhao LR, Duan WM, Reyes M, Keene CD, Verfaillie CM, Low WC. Human bone marrow stem cells exhibit neural phenotypes and ameliorate neurological deficits after grafting into the ischemic brain of rats. Exp Neurol. 2002; 174(1): 11-20.
21. Bossolasco P, Cova L, Calzarossa C, Rimoldi SG, Borsotti C, Deliliers GL, Silani V, Solingo D, Polli E. Neuro-glial differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells in vitro. Exp Neurol. 2005;193(2): 312-325.
22. Lamoury F, Croitoru-Lamoury J, Brew B. Undifferentiated mouse mesenchymal stem cells spontaneously express neural and stem cell markers Oct-4 and Rex-1. Cytotherapy. 2006; 8(3): 228-242.
Nanomedicine Journal
Volume 6, Issue 1
January 2019
Pages 27-34

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics