Nanomedicine Journal

Nanomedicine Journal

Metal–organic frameworks in oral disease therapy: a review of antimicrobial, anti‑inflammatory, and regenerative nanomedicine approaches

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, Sava.C., Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
2 Department of Biology Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently garnered considerable attention as versatile nanoplatforms for dental and oral biomedical applications due to their tunable structures, high porosity, and capacity for multifunctional drug delivery. Increasing evidence indicates that MOF-based systems can release antimicrobial metal ions and catalytic species capable of disrupting pathogenic oral biofilms, thereby contributing to the prevention and management of dental caries and periodontal infections. In periodontal disease, several studies also suggest that MOFs can modulate inflammatory pathways and mitigate tissue damage associated with chronic inflammation. Beyond their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory functions, MOF-based platforms have shown promising potential in promoting osteogenic differentiation and supporting bone regeneration in periodontitis-related defects. In cariogenic environments, these materials can further serve as carriers for controlled and localized drug delivery, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic exposure. More recently, MOF-assisted photodynamic and photothermal therapies have emerged as promising strategies for the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), enabling efficient photosensitizer delivery, enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, and targeted tumor cell destruction. Despite these encouraging findings, several challenges still limit the clinical translation of MOF-based technologies, including issues related to large-scale synthesis, long-term biocompatibility, stability in the oral environment, and regulatory approval. This review summarizes current advances in MOF-based strategies for oral disease therapy and highlights both the opportunities and the remaining challenges that must be addressed prior to successful clinical application.
Keywords
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